Term
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Definition
1.All substances are made from tiny
(microscopic) particles, either atoms or
molecules.
2.Unseen moving particles can have noticeable
(macroscopic) effects like temperature,
pressure and Brownian motion.
3.one micron: 1 μm = 10-6 m = 0.000001 m plus
“E, P, T, G, M, K, m, μ, n, p, f, a” as well. |
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Term
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Definition
- only involve electron transfer between atoms.
- the nucleus of each atom remains unchanged
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Term
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Definition
1. An element is a substance that can not
be separated into different components (by chemical reactions).
2. An atom is the smallest particle of an element.
3. A molecule (CO2) is a particle that combines
multiple atoms (C and O).
4.A compound (water) is a substance that combines different elements but not different molecules.
5. A molecule (H2O) is the smallest particle of a compound.
6. A mixture is a (mechanical) combination of different compounds.
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Term
| Phases: Solid, Liquid, and Gas |
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Definition
- Solid: has a fixed shape, a fixed volume, and the molecular organization is close, evenly spaced, and firmly attached.
- Liquid: has no fixed shape, has a fixed volume, and the molecular organization is close, disordered, and mobile.
- Gas: has no fixed shape, no fixed volume, and the molecular organization is distant, disordered, and mobile.
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Term
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Definition
- Macroscopic effect: Temperature, Microscopic cause: particle speed, and therefore higher temperature implies faster particles.
- Macroscopic effect: Pressure, Microscopic cause: particle collisions, and therefore higher pressure implies closer particles or faster particles.
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Adjust one head to make the tails match
- Add or Subtract the heads
- Leave the matching tails alone
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Term
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Definition
- Any objects dropped together, fall together, unless there is a drag
- The law of inertia: a change in velocity requires a net force
- Direction matters for velocity (vector) but not for speed (scalar)
- Instantaneous velocity changes during acceleration
- Distance (d), at constant speed (s): d=st
- Average speed s= d/t
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Term
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Definition
- any objects dropped together, fall together, unless there is air resistance (friction)
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Term
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Definition
- a ball rolling down hill accelerates (gains speed)
- less steep? less acceleration
- in the limit of no slope, the speed is constant
- a ball rolling up hill decelerates (negative acceleration)
- a force (such as gravity) causes acceleration
- Constant velocity implies no force
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Term
| Law of Inertia (Newton's first law) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Circular motion at constant speed requires“centripetal” force.
- Speed is constant but velocity changes (direction).
- Give an angle or compass heading for direction
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