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- First step in the scientific method
- Take note of surroundings or object to be test. Use senses
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- Second step in the scientific method.
- What you want to find out in your experiment.
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- Third step in the scientific method
- An educated guess as to what will happen during the experiment.
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| based on what you think, come up with a statement to test (educated guess) |
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| record data from test. What did it result in? What does this tell you about the experiment, your hypothesis? |
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| sum up the experiment, state if your hypothesis was correct or not. Apply experiment and results to real life. |
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| variables that aren’t based on other variables, What you are testing. Changes (testing). what you are testing; changes |
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depend on the independent variables (hence the names). Data, what are you looking for? Can be measured.
the changes that occur because of the independent. |
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are unchanging variables. Stays the same.
stays the same throughout the experiment |
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| A question about something that can be answered by preforming and experiment |
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Use “If…then..” format
If plants are exposed to sunlight, then they will grow faster. |
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| other information that is relevant to your experiment or that supports your hypothesis, or basic information on the topic of your lab report. |
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| What you are going to use in an experiment. List form! |
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| The steps in an experiment. State in a list form. Do not use I, We or Us (be professional) |
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| Things you notice during the experiment, and the scientific information you have collected upon conducting the test. |
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| Anything that has mass and takes up space |
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| Is a measure of how much matter an object contains. |
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| The downward pull of an object due to gravity. |
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| The amount of space that matter in an object occupies. |
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| The smallest basic unit of matter. |
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| When two or more atoms bond together/combine |
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| A substance that contains only a single type of atom. |
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| A substance that consists of two or more different types of atoms bonded together. Cannot be separated by physical means. |
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| A combination of substances that remain the same individual substances and can be separated by physical means (Ex. Fruit salad, trail mix the organic kind with nuts and m&m’s) |
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| The different forms in which matter can exist |
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| A substance that has a fixed volume and a fixed shape. Particles are fixed together, are attached and vibrate. Regular pattern. Individual particles cannot move from one location to another. |
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| Has a fixed volume but no fixed shape. Are attached to one another and are close together. They are not in a fixed place and individual particles can move from one place to another. |
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| Has no fixed volume/shape. Particles are not close together and can move easily from one place to another. The spaces between the gas particles can increase/decrease depending on temp & pressure. |
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| Characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance |
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| A change in any physical property of a substance, not in the substance itself. |
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| Describe how substances can form new substances |
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| The change of one substance into another substance |
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| Melting is the process by which a solid becomes a liquid. |
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| The lowest temp. at which a substance begins to melt. |
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| Freezing is the process by which a liquid becomes a solid. |
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| The temp. at which a specific liquid becomes a solid |
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| The process by which a liquid becomes a gas |
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| The process by which a solid turns directly into a gas. |
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| The process by which a liquid becomes a gas by bubbling. |
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| Can occur only when a liquid reaches a certain high temp. Liquid evaporates. |
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| The process by which a gas changes into a liquid. |
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| The ability to cause change |
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| The stored energy that an object has due to its position or chemical composition |
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| Law of Conservation of Energy |
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| States that energy can neither be created nor destroyed |
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| Measurement of usable energy after energy conversion. |
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| Are made of several layers of light sensitive materials, which convert sunlight directly into electrical energy. |
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| States that all of the particles that make up matter are constantly in motion |
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| A measure of the avg. kinetic energy in all the particles in an object. |
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| Evenly divided units of a temperature scale |
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| Measures temperature through the regular variation of the material inside the thermometer. (thermal expansion) |
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| A flow of energy from an object at a warmer temp. to an object at a cooler temp. |
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| The energy and object has due to the motion of its particles. The total amount of kinetic energy of particles in an object. |
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| The amount of energy needed to raise the temp of one gram of water by one-degree Celsius. |
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| The standard scientific unit by which energy is measured. |
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| The amount of energy needed to raise the temp of one gram of a substance by one-degree Celsius. |
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| The process that moves energy from one object to another when they are touching physically |
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| Materials that transfer energy easily. Low specific heat |
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| Poor conductors. High specific heat |
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| is the process that transfers energy by the movement of large numbers of particles in the same direction within a liquid or gas |
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| is energy that travels as electromagnetic waves, which include visible sunlight, microwaves, and infrared light. |
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| much larger than an electron, has a positive charge, located in the nucleus of an atom |
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| large and heavy like protons, no electrical charge, located in the nucleus, neutral |
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| Combination of neutrons and protons. Center of the atom |
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| tiny very light particles, have a negative electrical charge, move around the outside of the nucleus |
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| the number of protons, defines what element it is |
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| equal to the number of protons plus neutrons (electrons are so light they aren’t even included) |
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| the number of protons doesn’t change, the number of neutrons is more or less than the # of protons, variations of the same element. Are unstable |
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| an atom that carries an electrical charge (positive or negative), the electrons change |
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| Average mass of all of the element's isotopes. The average mass of the atoms of an element |
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| A table of the elements, arranged by atomic number, that shows the patterns in their properties |
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| Each horizontal row in the periodic table |
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| Indicates how likely an element is to undergo a chemical change |
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| In general, are elements that conduct electricity and heat well and have a shiny appearance |
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| Elements to the right side of the periodic table. Opposite of metals |
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| Elements that have properties of metals and nonmetals |
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| The process by which the nucleus of an atom of an element releases energy and particles |
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| The amount of time it takes for half of the nuclei of a radioactive isotope to decay into atoms of another element |
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| An expression that shows the number and type of atoms joined in a compound. |
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| Is a number written to the right of a chemical symbol and slightly below it. Cannot by changed! |
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| The force of attraction between positive and negative ions. Nonmetal and metal. Transferring of electrons |
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| A pair of electrons shared by two atoms. Nonmetal and nonmetal |
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| A group of atoms held together by covalent bonds. |
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| A covalent bond in which the electrons are share unequally. |
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| A certain type of bond in which nuclei float in a sea of electrons |
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| Produces new substances by changing the way in which atoms are arranged |
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| Are the substances present at the beginning of a chemical reaction |
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| Are the substances formed by a chemical reaction |
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| A solid product that may form when chemicals in two liquids react. A sold formed by a chemical reaction |
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| Is a substance that increased the rate of a chemical reaction, but is not consumed (changed) by the reaction. Lowers the amount of energy need for the reaction to take place. |
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| Law of conservation of mass |
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| States that in a chemical reaction atoms are neither created or destroyed. Matter cannot by created or destroyed. BALANCE YOUR GOD-DAMN EQUATIONS |
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| Indicated how many molecules take part in the reaction. (Big numbers to the left.) Can be changed when balancing equations. |
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| Energy associated with bonds. The amount of in a chemical bond between atoms. |
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A reaction in which energy is released.
Reactants --> products + energy |
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A reaction in which energy is absorbed.
Reactants + energy --> products |
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| Example of an endothermic reaction. Plants absorb energy from sunlight to turn CO2 and water in oxygen and glucose |
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| A process in which living cells obtain energy from glucose molecules. A chemical reaction. Reverse of photosynthesis |
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