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Physical Science Final Study Guide
Physical Science Final Study Guide
56
Science
10th Grade
12/19/2016

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Term
Definition
Science is a system of knowledge and methods used to find knowledge
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Definition
Technology uses knowledge to solve problems
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Definition
Hypothesis is an explanation that has not been tested
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Definition
In an experiment the control stays the same
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Definition
Three times Ten to the Sixth ( 3 x 10 6) is an example of scientific notation
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Definition
Mass is the amount of matter in an object
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Definition
We often make mistakes when we measure
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Definition
For temperature Kelvin = Celsius + 273
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Definition
Precision means your measurements are close together
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Definition
Elements are different types of atoms
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Definition
A compound is two or more elements joined in a fixed proportion
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A heterogenous mixture is NOT evenly mixed
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Definition
A solution could be salt dissolved in water
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Definition
Viscosity measures how easily a liquid flows
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Definition
Malleability means you can hammer a metal block into a thin sheet
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Definition
Melting point is the temperature where a solid becomes a liquid
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Definition
If a material is more dense than water then that material will sink in water
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Definition
Physical change only changes the appearance of matter
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Definition
Flammable substances can burn
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Definition
Chemical change produces a new material
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Definition
Chemical reaction might produce gas bubbles
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Definition
Matter is made of moving particles
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Definition
Heat is produced by moving particles
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Definition
Temperature measures the average speed of moving particles
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Definition
Absolute zero is the temperature at which particles would stop moving
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Definition
Freezing changes a liquid to a solid
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Definition
When water turns to ice it loses heat
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Definition
Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms
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Definition
Democritus and Aristotle debated about atoms but never did any experiments
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Definition
Dalton produced the first modern theory about atoms
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Definition
Thomson discovered the electron
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Definition
Rutherford and his team discovered the nucleus
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Definition
Most of an atom is empty space
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Definition
Mendeleev invented the periodic chart
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Definition
Atomic number tells you the number of protons in an atom
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Definition
On the periodic chart vertical columns are called groups
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Definition
Chlorine is a non-metal
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Definition
Atoms are not destroyed but are rearranged in a chemical reaction
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Definition
Electrons are negative charges in an atom
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Definition
Number of protons + Number of neutrons = Mass number
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Definition
Metals are shiny and good conductors of electricity
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Definition
Periodic law says that the properties of the elements repeat
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Definition
Most atoms are stable with 8 valence electrons
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Definition
Ionic bond is when one atom takes electrons from another atom
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Definition
CA two plus ( CA 2+ ) is a cation
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Definition
A chemical bond is the force that holds atoms closer together
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Definition
Ionic crystals break easily
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Definition
In covalent bonds two atoms share a pair of electrons between them
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Definition
Polar covalent bonds do NOT share electrons equally
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Definition
Fe teo plus ( Fe 2+ ) is named the iron ( ll ) ion
Term
Physical Science Final Study Guide
Definition
All answers are True
Term
Definition
Metals contain metallic bonds
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Definition
Alloys are mixtures of different metals
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Definition
In a chemical reaction the mass before = the mass after
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Definition
C + 02 ---- CO2 is a chemical equation
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Definition
C + O2 ---- CO2 is a balanced equation
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