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Physical Science
Final Exam
129
Science
9th Grade
05/20/2013

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Term
Define Radioactive.
Definition
process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy
Term
Define Radioactive Decay.
Definition
spontaneous disintegration of a radioactive substance along with the emission of ionizing radiation
Term
What makes an atom radioactive?
Definition
heaver the atom is. The strong nucleus force that holds a nucleus together
Term
Define Alpha Particle. Give chemical equation that represents a alpha particle given off.
Definition
positively charged particle made up of 2 protons and 2 neutrons; 232/90Th-4/2He+288/88Ra
Term
Define Beta Particle. Give chemical equation that represents a beta particle given off.
Definition
electron emitted by an unstable nucleus; 226/88Ra-o/-1e+226/89Ac
Term
Define Positron. Give chemical equation that represents a positron given off.
Definition
positive charged electron emitted by unstable nucleus; 234/91Pa-0/1e+234/90Th
Term
Define Gamma Ray.
Definition
penetrating ray of energy emitted by an unstable nucleus
Term
What is the penetrating power of the types of radiation?
Definition
alpha- paper
beta- paper and aluminum
positron- paper & aluminum
gamma- paper & aluminum & concrete
Term
Name 2 instruments used to measure radioactivity and explain how they work.
Definition
Geiger Counters- gives out electric pulses carried by gas ionized by radiation
Film Badges- uses the exposure of film to measure the approximate exposure of people working with radiation
Term
Define Radioisotope. Name 4 uses of radioisotopes.
Definition
atom containing unstable nucleus; medical uses, food irradiation, pest control, smoke detectors
Term
Define Half-Life.
Definition
time required for one half of a sample of radioisotope to decay
Term
Define Fission. Give an equation to represent Fission.
Definition
splitting of an atomic nucleus into smaller parts; n+235/92U-91/36Kr+142/56Ba+energy+3n
Term
What percentage of all absorbed radiation comes from background radiation?
Definition
80%
Term
What percentage of all absorbed radiation comes from man-made radiation?
Definition
20%
Term
Give examples of sources of background radiation.
Definition
natural sources
Term
Give examples of man-made sources of radiation.
Definition
x-rays, PET scans, nuclear medicine, radiation therapy
Term
nuclear equations on study guide

answer: blank
Definition
Term
Define Speed.
Definition
ratio of the distance an object moves to the amount of time the object moves
Term
What is the equation for speed?
Definition
V=D/T ; V= distance/time
Term
What is the SI unit for speed?
Definition
meters per second
Term
Define Velocity.
Definition
speed and direction an object is moving measured relative to a reference point
Term
What is the equation for velocity?
Definition
V=D/T
Term
Define Acceleration.
Definition
rate at which velocity changes
Term
What are 2 equations that represent acceleration?
Definition
A=vf-vi/t
Term
What is the SI unit for acceleration?
Definition
meters per second2 (m/s2)
Term
Define Force.
Definition
push or pull, can cause an object to move or it can accelerate an abject by changing the objects speed or direction
Term
Define Newton's Law's of Motion.
Definition
1st- object at rest stays at rest. object in motion staying in motion unless acted upon a unbalanced force
2nd- force causes a objects mass to accelerate F=ma
3rd-for every action there is a equal or opposite reaction
Term
Differentiate between balanced and unbalanced forces.
Definition
balanced- cancel each other out
unbalanced- causes objects to accelerate
Term
Define Friction.
Definition
force that opposes the motion of objects that touch as they move past each other
Term
Define Gravity.
Definition
force that acts between any 2 masses
Term
What value is acceleration due to gravity on earth?
Definition
9.8 m/s2
Term
How long will it take a bobsled with a velocity of 6m/s to travel 99 meters.
Definition
16.5 s
Term
How fast do you walk if you take 45 minutes to cover 8 kilometers.
Definition
.178 km/min
Term
A biker traveled a speed of 25m/s for a time of 4 seconds. How far did the biker travel.
Definition
100m
Term
A car changed velocity from 200 miles/hour to 40 miles/hour while entering pit road. What is the deceleration if it took 8 seconds to reach 40 miles/hour.
Definition
-1230.8 m/hr2
Term
Cite an example of something that undergoes acceleration while moving at constant speed.
Definition
Ferris wheel, car tire, caresole, roller coaster with loops
Term
Suppose a car moving in a straight line steadily increases its speed from 50 km/hr to 75 km/hr in 3 seconds. What is its acceleration.
Definition
2.34 m/s2
Term
A 4500 kg helicopter accelerates upward at 2 m/s2. what lift force is exerted by the air on propellers.
Definition
9000N
Term
A 873 kg dragster, starting from rest, attains a speed of 26.3 m/s in 0.59s.
A) Find the acceleration of the dragster
B) What size of force is exerted on the dragster
Definition
44.576 m/s2; 38918.34N
Term
What acceleration will you give to a 24.3 kg box if you push it with a force of 90N
Definition
3.70 m/s2
Term
A car changed velocity on a drag strip from 10 m/s to 40 m/s in 10 seconds. what is the acceleration.
Definition
3.70 m/s2
Term
Define Work
Definition
done when a force moves an object a certain distance in the direction of the applied force
Term
what is the equation for work
Definition
work= force(distance)
Term
in what unit of measurement is work measured
Definition
joule
Term
define power
Definition
rate at which work is done
Term
what is the equation for power
Definition
power= work/time
Term
what unit of measurement is used to measure power
Definition
watt
Term
define machine
Definition
instrument that makes work easier by changing the size or direction of the force put into the machine
Term
what are two types of work involved with machines
Definition
work input and work output
Term
list 6 types of simple machines
Definition
lever, wheel & axle, inclined plane, wedge, screw, pulley
Term
define and give examples of a lever
Definition
ridged bar that is free to move around a fixed point; wheel barrow
Term
define and give examples of a wheel and axle
Definition
consist of 2 disks or cylinders; steering wheel
Term
define and give examples of a inclined plane
Definition
slanted surface along with a force moves an object to a different elevation; ramp
Term
define and give examples of a wedge
Definition
v-shaped object whose sides are 2 inclined planes sloped toward each other; door stopper
Term
define and give examples of a screw
Definition
inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder; screw
Term
define and give examples of pulley
Definition
rope that fits into a groove in a wheel; pulley system
Term
what unit of measurement is used to measure to measure kinetic energy
Definition
joule
Term
it took 50 joules to push a chair 5 meters across the floor. with what force was the chair pushed
Definition
10 N
Term
a book weighing 2 Newtons is lifted 2 meters. how much work is done
Definition
4J
Term
how much power is used of a force of 35 Newtons is used to push a box a distance of 10 meters in 5 seconds
Definition
70 Watts
Term
how much work is done using a 500 watt microwave oven in 50 seconds
Definition
25000 J
Term
define potential energy
Definition
energy that a object has due to its position
Term
what is the equation for potential energy
Definition
PE= mass(gravity)(height)
Term
define kinetic energy
Definition
energy a object has due to its motion
Term
what is the equation for kinetic energy
Definition
KE= 1/2(mass)(velocity)
Term
calculate the gravitational potential energy in a car with a mass of 1200 kg at the top of a 42m hill
Definition
493920 J
Term
a science student holds a 55g egg out a window. just before the student releases the egg, the egg has a 8.0 J of gravitational potential energy with respect to the ground. how far is the students arm from the ground in meters
Definition
14.84 m
Term
a 35 kg child has 190 J kinetic energy after sledding down the hill. what is the childs speed in meters per seconds at the bottom of the hill.
Definition
3.295 m/s
Term
a bowling ball traveling 2.0 m/s has a 16 J of kinetic energy. what is the mass of the bowling ball in kilograms
Definition
4 kg
Term
define heat
Definition
transfer of energy from one object to another because of a temperature difference
Term
how does heat flow
Definition
hot to cold
Term
define temperature
Definition
measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in motion
Term
describe absolute zero
Definition
temperature at which all matter ceases to move
Term
describe thermal expansion
Definition
increase in volume of a material due to a temperature increase
Term
define specific heat
Definition
amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a material
Term
what is the equation for specific heat
Definition
Q= mc(delta(triangle))t
Term
what is the specific heat of water
Definition
4.18 J/gx*C
Term
describe a calorimeter
Definition
instrument used to measure changes in thermal energy
Term
define conduction and give examples
Definition
transfer of heat energy as heated between particles by direct contact of the atoms, when you heat up a metal ball & it expans (tile floor & fry pan on stove)
Term
what is conduction slower in gases than in solids or liquids
Definition
particles in a gas are farther apart
Term
how does a objects temperature affect radiation
Definition
when heating a coil you absorb radiation, the farther apart you are from heating coil, less radiation you recieve
Term
define radiation
Definition
transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
Term
describe convection
Definition
flow of the fluid due to heated expansion followed by cooling and contracting
Term
in what natural cycles do convection currents occur
Definition
ocean currents, weather systems, movement of hot rock in earths interior
Term
give examples of convection currents
Definition
air circulating in a oven
Term
what is the equation to convert *F to *C
Definition
*C=5/9(*F-32)
Term
what is the equation to convert *C to *F
Definition
*C=(9/5x*C)+32
Term
what is the equation to convert *C to K
Definition
K=*C+273
Term
define wave
Definition
disturbance that carries energy from one place to another
Term
all ways carry _____
Definition
energy
Term
define medium
Definition
material that wave travels through
Term
what is a mechanical wave
Definition
disturbance in matter that comes energy from one place to another
Term
define electromagnetic wave
Definition
transverse wave consisting of changing electric and changing magnetic fields
Term
what are 2 types of waves
Definition
longitudinal & transverse
Term
define transverse wave
Definition
travels and vibrates perpendicular to the direction it travels
Term
define longitudinal wave
Definition
wave in which vibration of the medium is parallel to the direction the wave travels
Term
know what a transverse wave looks like

answer: BLANK
Definition
Term
define amplitude
Definition
distance from rest position to the crest or trough
Term
define wave length
Definition
distance from one point on a wave to the identical point on the following wave
Term
what is the greek letter to represent wavelength
Definition
lambda (backwards h)
Term
define frequency
Definition
number of waves that pass a given point each second
Term
what is the SI unit for frequency
Definition
hertz (Hz)
Term
what is the equation for the speed of a wave
Definition
V= Lambda(Hz)
Term
define Doppler effect
Definition
change in frequency caused in motion
Term
longitudinal wave know

answer:BLANK
Definition
Term
how is wavelength measure on a longitudinal wave
Definition
same as transverse wave
Term
define reflection
Definition
bouncing back
Term
define refraction
Definition
bending of a wave because it enters a new medium
Term
define diffraction
Definition
bending of a wave as it passe a narrow opening
Term
define electric charge
Definition
property that causes subatomic particles such as protons and electrons to attract or repel each other
Term
what produces a net electric charge
Definition
excess or shortage of electrons
Term
define electric force
Definition
force of attraction or repulsion between electrically charged objects
Term
like charges____ opposite charges____
Definition
repel; attract
Term
describe electric field
Definition
field in a region of space that excerpt electrical forces on charged particles; a field produced by electric charges or by changing magnetic fields
Term
what determines the strength of an electric field
Definition
depends on amount of charge that produces the field on distance from charge
Term
define electric current. what is the SI unit for electric current
Definition
continuous flow of electric flow; (A) ampere
Term
what are 2 types of electric current
Definition
direct and alternating
Term
define alternating current and give examples
Definition
flow of electric charge that regularly reverses its direction; tv, electric current in home and school
Term
define direct current and give examples
Definition
charge flows in one direction; flashlight
Term
distinguish between electric conductor and electric insulator
Definition
conductor- material through which charge can flow easily; copper and silver
insulator- material though which charge can not flow easily; wood, plastic, rubber
Term
describe resistance. what is the SI unit for resistance
Definition
opposition to the flow of charges in a material; ohm
Term
describe voltage. what is the SI unit for voltage
Definition
potential difference, the difference in electrical potential energy between 2 places in electrical field; volts
Term
define battery
Definition
device that converts chemical energy to electrical power
Term
describe ohms law. what is the equation for ohms law
Definition
voltage (v) in a circuit equals the product of the current (I) and resistance (R); V=IR
Term
what is a electric circuit
Definition
complete path through which charge can flow
Term
how are circuits diagrams used
Definition
use symbols to represent parts of circuit including source of electrical energy and any device that are run by electrical energy
Term
distinguish between series and parallel circuit
Definition
series- only has 1 path where electric current can flow
parallel- 2 or more paths through which charges can flow
Term
define electric power
Definition
rate at which electrical energy is converted to another form which is power
Term
what equation is used to calculate electric power
Definition
Power (watts) = I(amps)x V(voltage)
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