Term
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Definition
| process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy |
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Term
| Define Radioactive Decay. |
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Definition
| spontaneous disintegration of a radioactive substance along with the emission of ionizing radiation |
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Term
| What makes an atom radioactive? |
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Definition
| heaver the atom is. The strong nucleus force that holds a nucleus together |
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Term
| Define Alpha Particle. Give chemical equation that represents a alpha particle given off. |
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Definition
| positively charged particle made up of 2 protons and 2 neutrons; 232/90Th-4/2He+288/88Ra |
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Term
| Define Beta Particle. Give chemical equation that represents a beta particle given off. |
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Definition
| electron emitted by an unstable nucleus; 226/88Ra-o/-1e+226/89Ac |
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Term
| Define Positron. Give chemical equation that represents a positron given off. |
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Definition
| positive charged electron emitted by unstable nucleus; 234/91Pa-0/1e+234/90Th |
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Term
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Definition
| penetrating ray of energy emitted by an unstable nucleus |
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Term
| What is the penetrating power of the types of radiation? |
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Definition
alpha- paper
beta- paper and aluminum
positron- paper & aluminum
gamma- paper & aluminum & concrete |
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Term
| Name 2 instruments used to measure radioactivity and explain how they work. |
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Definition
Geiger Counters- gives out electric pulses carried by gas ionized by radiation
Film Badges- uses the exposure of film to measure the approximate exposure of people working with radiation |
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Term
| Define Radioisotope. Name 4 uses of radioisotopes. |
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Definition
| atom containing unstable nucleus; medical uses, food irradiation, pest control, smoke detectors |
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Term
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Definition
| time required for one half of a sample of radioisotope to decay |
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Term
| Define Fission. Give an equation to represent Fission. |
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Definition
| splitting of an atomic nucleus into smaller parts; n+235/92U-91/36Kr+142/56Ba+energy+3n |
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Term
| What percentage of all absorbed radiation comes from background radiation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of all absorbed radiation comes from man-made radiation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Give examples of sources of background radiation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Give examples of man-made sources of radiation. |
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Definition
| x-rays, PET scans, nuclear medicine, radiation therapy |
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Term
nuclear equations on study guide
answer: blank |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ratio of the distance an object moves to the amount of time the object moves |
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Term
| What is the equation for speed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the SI unit for speed? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| speed and direction an object is moving measured relative to a reference point |
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Term
| What is the equation for velocity? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| rate at which velocity changes |
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Term
| What are 2 equations that represent acceleration? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the SI unit for acceleration? |
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Definition
| meters per second2 (m/s2) |
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Term
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Definition
| push or pull, can cause an object to move or it can accelerate an abject by changing the objects speed or direction |
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Term
| Define Newton's Law's of Motion. |
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Definition
1st- object at rest stays at rest. object in motion staying in motion unless acted upon a unbalanced force
2nd- force causes a objects mass to accelerate F=ma
3rd-for every action there is a equal or opposite reaction |
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Term
| Differentiate between balanced and unbalanced forces. |
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Definition
balanced- cancel each other out
unbalanced- causes objects to accelerate |
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Term
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Definition
| force that opposes the motion of objects that touch as they move past each other |
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Term
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Definition
| force that acts between any 2 masses |
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Term
| What value is acceleration due to gravity on earth? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long will it take a bobsled with a velocity of 6m/s to travel 99 meters. |
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Definition
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Term
| How fast do you walk if you take 45 minutes to cover 8 kilometers. |
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Definition
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Term
| A biker traveled a speed of 25m/s for a time of 4 seconds. How far did the biker travel. |
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Definition
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Term
| A car changed velocity from 200 miles/hour to 40 miles/hour while entering pit road. What is the deceleration if it took 8 seconds to reach 40 miles/hour. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cite an example of something that undergoes acceleration while moving at constant speed. |
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Definition
| Ferris wheel, car tire, caresole, roller coaster with loops |
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Term
| Suppose a car moving in a straight line steadily increases its speed from 50 km/hr to 75 km/hr in 3 seconds. What is its acceleration. |
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Definition
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Term
| A 4500 kg helicopter accelerates upward at 2 m/s2. what lift force is exerted by the air on propellers. |
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Definition
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Term
A 873 kg dragster, starting from rest, attains a speed of 26.3 m/s in 0.59s.
A) Find the acceleration of the dragster
B) What size of force is exerted on the dragster |
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Definition
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Term
| What acceleration will you give to a 24.3 kg box if you push it with a force of 90N |
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Definition
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Term
| A car changed velocity on a drag strip from 10 m/s to 40 m/s in 10 seconds. what is the acceleration. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| done when a force moves an object a certain distance in the direction of the applied force |
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Term
| what is the equation for work |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| in what unit of measurement is work measured |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| rate at which work is done |
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Term
| what is the equation for power |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what unit of measurement is used to measure power |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| instrument that makes work easier by changing the size or direction of the force put into the machine |
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Term
| what are two types of work involved with machines |
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Definition
| work input and work output |
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Term
| list 6 types of simple machines |
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Definition
| lever, wheel & axle, inclined plane, wedge, screw, pulley |
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Term
| define and give examples of a lever |
|
Definition
| ridged bar that is free to move around a fixed point; wheel barrow |
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Term
| define and give examples of a wheel and axle |
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Definition
| consist of 2 disks or cylinders; steering wheel |
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Term
| define and give examples of a inclined plane |
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Definition
| slanted surface along with a force moves an object to a different elevation; ramp |
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Term
| define and give examples of a wedge |
|
Definition
| v-shaped object whose sides are 2 inclined planes sloped toward each other; door stopper |
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Term
| define and give examples of a screw |
|
Definition
| inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder; screw |
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Term
| define and give examples of pulley |
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Definition
| rope that fits into a groove in a wheel; pulley system |
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Term
| what unit of measurement is used to measure to measure kinetic energy |
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Definition
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Term
| it took 50 joules to push a chair 5 meters across the floor. with what force was the chair pushed |
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Definition
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|
Term
| a book weighing 2 Newtons is lifted 2 meters. how much work is done |
|
Definition
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Term
| how much power is used of a force of 35 Newtons is used to push a box a distance of 10 meters in 5 seconds |
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Definition
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|
Term
| how much work is done using a 500 watt microwave oven in 50 seconds |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| energy that a object has due to its position |
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Term
| what is the equation for potential energy |
|
Definition
| PE= mass(gravity)(height) |
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Term
|
Definition
| energy a object has due to its motion |
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|
Term
| what is the equation for kinetic energy |
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Definition
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|
Term
| calculate the gravitational potential energy in a car with a mass of 1200 kg at the top of a 42m hill |
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Definition
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Term
| a science student holds a 55g egg out a window. just before the student releases the egg, the egg has a 8.0 J of gravitational potential energy with respect to the ground. how far is the students arm from the ground in meters |
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Definition
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Term
| a 35 kg child has 190 J kinetic energy after sledding down the hill. what is the childs speed in meters per seconds at the bottom of the hill. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| a bowling ball traveling 2.0 m/s has a 16 J of kinetic energy. what is the mass of the bowling ball in kilograms |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| transfer of energy from one object to another because of a temperature difference |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in motion |
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Term
|
Definition
| temperature at which all matter ceases to move |
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Term
| describe thermal expansion |
|
Definition
| increase in volume of a material due to a temperature increase |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a material |
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Term
| what is the equation for specific heat |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the specific heat of water |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| instrument used to measure changes in thermal energy |
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Term
| define conduction and give examples |
|
Definition
| transfer of heat energy as heated between particles by direct contact of the atoms, when you heat up a metal ball & it expans (tile floor & fry pan on stove) |
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Term
| what is conduction slower in gases than in solids or liquids |
|
Definition
| particles in a gas are farther apart |
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Term
| how does a objects temperature affect radiation |
|
Definition
| when heating a coil you absorb radiation, the farther apart you are from heating coil, less radiation you recieve |
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Term
|
Definition
| transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves |
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Term
|
Definition
| flow of the fluid due to heated expansion followed by cooling and contracting |
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Term
| in what natural cycles do convection currents occur |
|
Definition
| ocean currents, weather systems, movement of hot rock in earths interior |
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Term
| give examples of convection currents |
|
Definition
| air circulating in a oven |
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|
Term
| what is the equation to convert *F to *C |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the equation to convert *C to *F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the equation to convert *C to K |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| disturbance that carries energy from one place to another |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| material that wave travels through |
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Term
| what is a mechanical wave |
|
Definition
| disturbance in matter that comes energy from one place to another |
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Term
| define electromagnetic wave |
|
Definition
| transverse wave consisting of changing electric and changing magnetic fields |
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Term
| what are 2 types of waves |
|
Definition
| longitudinal & transverse |
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Term
|
Definition
| travels and vibrates perpendicular to the direction it travels |
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Term
|
Definition
| wave in which vibration of the medium is parallel to the direction the wave travels |
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|
Term
know what a transverse wave looks like
answer: BLANK |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| distance from rest position to the crest or trough |
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Term
|
Definition
| distance from one point on a wave to the identical point on the following wave |
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|
Term
| what is the greek letter to represent wavelength |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| number of waves that pass a given point each second |
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|
Term
| what is the SI unit for frequency |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the equation for the speed of a wave |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| change in frequency caused in motion |
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|
Term
longitudinal wave know
answer:BLANK |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how is wavelength measure on a longitudinal wave |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bending of a wave because it enters a new medium |
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Term
|
Definition
| bending of a wave as it passe a narrow opening |
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Term
|
Definition
| property that causes subatomic particles such as protons and electrons to attract or repel each other |
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Term
| what produces a net electric charge |
|
Definition
| excess or shortage of electrons |
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Term
|
Definition
| force of attraction or repulsion between electrically charged objects |
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|
Term
| like charges____ opposite charges____ |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| field in a region of space that excerpt electrical forces on charged particles; a field produced by electric charges or by changing magnetic fields |
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Term
| what determines the strength of an electric field |
|
Definition
| depends on amount of charge that produces the field on distance from charge |
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|
Term
| define electric current. what is the SI unit for electric current |
|
Definition
| continuous flow of electric flow; (A) ampere |
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|
Term
| what are 2 types of electric current |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| define alternating current and give examples |
|
Definition
| flow of electric charge that regularly reverses its direction; tv, electric current in home and school |
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|
Term
| define direct current and give examples |
|
Definition
| charge flows in one direction; flashlight |
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|
Term
| distinguish between electric conductor and electric insulator |
|
Definition
conductor- material through which charge can flow easily; copper and silver
insulator- material though which charge can not flow easily; wood, plastic, rubber |
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|
Term
| describe resistance. what is the SI unit for resistance |
|
Definition
| opposition to the flow of charges in a material; ohm |
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|
Term
| describe voltage. what is the SI unit for voltage |
|
Definition
| potential difference, the difference in electrical potential energy between 2 places in electrical field; volts |
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Term
|
Definition
| device that converts chemical energy to electrical power |
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|
Term
| describe ohms law. what is the equation for ohms law |
|
Definition
| voltage (v) in a circuit equals the product of the current (I) and resistance (R); V=IR |
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|
Term
| what is a electric circuit |
|
Definition
| complete path through which charge can flow |
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|
Term
| how are circuits diagrams used |
|
Definition
| use symbols to represent parts of circuit including source of electrical energy and any device that are run by electrical energy |
|
|
Term
| distinguish between series and parallel circuit |
|
Definition
series- only has 1 path where electric current can flow
parallel- 2 or more paths through which charges can flow |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| rate at which electrical energy is converted to another form which is power |
|
|
Term
| what equation is used to calculate electric power |
|
Definition
| Power (watts) = I(amps)x V(voltage) |
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