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Physical Science
N/A
25
Science
9th Grade
04/12/2010

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Term
Chemical formula
Definition
A shorthand way to represent the composition of a pure substance.
Term
Chemical equation
Definition
Represent the changes that take place in those compositions as the substances react.
Term
Subscripts
Definition
Numbers below the line that tell how many of each kind of atom are present.
Term
Molecular models
Definition
Three-dimensional representations that are used throughout the book to show the relative sizes of atoms or ions in chemical bonding.
Term
Empirical formulas
Definition
Show only the relative proportion of atoms in a molecule.
Term
Analytical chemist
Definition
A chemist who decomposes the sample, measures the amounts of its individual elements and gives us an exact formula for it.
Term
Oxidation numbers
Definition
Tell how many electrons an element is likely to gain, lose, or share as it bonds to other atoms.
Term
Alkali metals
Definition
Each have 1 valence electron.
Term
Alkaline-earth metals
Definition
Each have 2 valence electrons.
Term
Noble gases
Definition
On the opposite side of the periodic table, each have 8 valence electrons.
Term
Halogens
Definition
Have a tendency to gain 1 electron per atom in order to complete their valence octets.
Term
Oxygen family
Definition
Have 6 valence electrons.
Term
Polyatomic ions
Definition
Ions composed of two or more atoms that are covalently bonded and acts as a single particle.
Term
Reactants
Definition
The formulas on the left of the arrow.
Term
Products
Definition
The formulas on the right side of the arrow.
Term
Coefficients
Definition
The numbers is front of the formulas.
Term
Combination reactions
Definition
Reactions that combine two or more substances into one more complex compound.
Term
Decomposition reactions
Definition
Reactions that decompose, or take apart, the formula units or molecules of a substance.
Term
Single-replacement reaction (single displacement)
Definition
One element in an existing compound is replaced by another element.
Term
Double-replacement reaction (double displacement)
Definition
Two ionic compounds swap cations and anions with each other.
Term
Aqueous
Definition
Water
Term
Precipitates
Definition
Solids that cannot be dissolved in water and settles to the bottom of the solution.
Term
Combustion reaction
Definition
Burning
Term
Exothermic reaction
Definition
Reactions that give off heat energy.
Term
Endothermic reaction
Definition
Reactions that absorb heat energy.
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