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| waves in air are generally spherical waves that propagate outwards in many directions. Wave behavior is characterized by 4 phenomena – Reflection, Refraction, Diffraction and Displacement |
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| made of waves composed of photons reflective (using a mirror), and refractive. Refraction is the bending of a wave caused by passing through a medium of different density than the surroundings (prism) |
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| Movement of heat from molecule to molecule through direct contact; molecules themselves do not move |
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| When heat flow occurs in a fluid - oceans |
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| Heat transferred through empty space via infrared radiation (microwave) |
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| allows you to describe the motion of objects |
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| allows you to understand why objects move the way they do |
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| the form of energy associated with motion |
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| stored energy (energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure – like water behind a dam) Potential energy is converted into kinetic energy |
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| scalar quantity which refers to "how much ground an object has covered" during its motion |
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| vector quantity which refers to "how far out of place an object is"; it is the object's change in position (point “A” to point “B”), and in which direction |
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| Scalar VS Vector/Distance VS Displacement |
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| To understand the distinction between distance and displacement, you must know the definitions and also know that a vector quantity such as displacement is direction aware and a scalar quantity such as distance is ignorant of direction. When an object changes its direction of motion, displacement takes this direction change into account; heading the opposite direction effectively begins to cancel whatever displacement there once was. |
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| scalar quantity which refers to "how fast an object is moving" |
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| vector quantity which refers to "the rate at which an object changes its position”. So an airplane moving towards the west with a speed of 300 mi/hr has a velocity of 300 mi/hr, west |
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| Scalar VS Vector/Speed VS Velocity |
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| Note that speed has no direction (it is a scalar) and velocity is simply the speed with a direction |
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| vector quantity which is defined as "the rate at which an object changes its velocity." An object is accelerating if it is changing its velocity |
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| Causes objects to fall; every object near the surface of the earth experiences a downward force, called its weight, the strength of which is exactly proportional to its mass |
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| an object in motion will remain in motion and an object not in motion will remain not in motion unless it is acted on by a force |
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| Force is defined as the change in momentum of a body over time |
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| every action there is an equal and opposite reaction |
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| Electricity is a property of matter that results from the presence or movement of electric charge. Together with magnetism, it constitutes the fundamental interaction known as electromagnetism. Electricity is responsible for many well-known physical phenomena such as lightning, electric fields and electric currents, and is put to use in industrial applications such as electronics and electric power |
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| a force that acts at a distance and is caused by a magnetic field. A magnetic field consists of imaginary lines of flux coming from moving or spinning electrically charged particles |
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| the flow of electric charge. Natural examples include lightning and the solar wind, the source of the polar aurora |
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| phenomena involving objects with a net charge; typically referring to charged objects with voltages of sufficient magnitude to produce visible attraction, and sparks |
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| components such as light bulbs connected in a circuit along the same wire in a manner that requires energy to flow through each component before it can return to point A |
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| components that are added to bypassable loops along the circuit |
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| rigid object that is used in conjunction with a fulcrum to apply force |
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| reduces the amount of force needed to raise an object (the load) upwards by moving it along at a small angle from the ground. The secret to the work done by ramps is that they decrease the force required, but increase the distance over which the it is done, thus keeping the total amount of work the same |
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| wheel with a groove in the edge which holds a cable. When used is series, pulleys can reduce the amount of force required to lift a load by increasing the distance over which the work is done |
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