Term
| What are the sources of knowledge? |
|
Definition
Authority
Intuition
Reason
Sensory Data |
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Term
| What are the self evident truths? |
|
Definition
Existence
Causality
Position Symmtry
Time Symmetry
Principle of non contradiction
Occam's razor |
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Term
| What is position symmetry? |
|
Definition
| The idea that no matter where in the universe you are at the laws of nature apply the same way. |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that in the past and in the future the laws of nature will stay the same as they are now. |
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Term
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Definition
| The push or pull on an object |
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Term
| What are the forces, from greatest distance to smallest distance? |
|
Definition
Gravity
Electromagnetic
Weak Nuclear
Strong Nuclear
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Term
How is gravity affected by an increase in mass?
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Definition
The gravitational forces increase.
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Term
| How is gravity affected by distance? |
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Definition
| As distance increases the force of gravity gets weaker. |
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Term
| What is happening to the moon? |
|
Definition
it is in constant freefall and applies a force on the earth. moves in astraight line
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What are the principles of relative dating? |
|
Definition
Original Horizontality
Superposition
Cross-cutting Relationships
Inclusions
Faunal Succession |
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|
Term
| What is original horizontality? |
|
Definition
| sedeimentary rocks are deposited in horizontal layers. |
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Term
|
Definition
| In a stack of sedimentary layers, the oldest layer will be on the bottom and the youngest on the top. |
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Term
| What is a cross-cutting relationship |
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Definition
| Rocks are older than the features (such as faults) or rocks that crosscut them. |
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Term
|
Definition
solid materials enclosed within another solid are older than the rock that encloses them.
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Term
| what is Faunal succession? |
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Definition
| fossils help us determine the age of the rocks. |
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Term
| What are we dating in rocks? |
|
Definition
| Thermal events, not the elements. |
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Term
How are igneous rocks formed?
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Definition
| when magma, cools to a solid state either below or at Earth's surface. |
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Term
| How are sedimentary rocks formed? |
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Definition
| When sediments from rocks that broke apart come together and are deposited together and form rocks, either chemically of mechanically. |
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Term
| How are metamorphic rocks formed? |
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Definition
| rocks are changed over time by some combination of heat, pressure, and fluids to become different rocks and new mineral combinations. |
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Term
| What are the evidences of earth's interior? |
|
Definition
direct observations (drilling, mantle inclusions)
Meteorites
Gravity & Density
Seismic Waves (shadow zones)
Magnetic fields
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Term
| What are the mechanical models of earths structure? |
|
Definition
Lithosphere (solid)
Asthenosphere (plastic/semi-solid)
Outer core (liquid) (iron and nickel)
Inner Core (solid) (iron-nickel) |
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|
Term
| What is continental drift? |
|
Definition
| continents are being pushed down by gravity and are floating on top of a semi-solid (plastic) thing called Asthenosphere. |
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Term
| Divergent Oceanic-Oceanic |
|
Definition
Sea Rifts
Volcanoes
Earth quakes |
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|
Term
| Divergent Continental-Continental |
|
Definition
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
makes water larger
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|
Term
|
Definition
Subduction
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
Trenches
tsunami
island arcs
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Term
| Convergent Ocean-Continent |
|
Definition
Earthquakes
Subduction
Volcanoes
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|
Term
| Convergent Continent-Continent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What increases the temperature?
|
|
Definition
| the radiation of sunlight through the atmosphere, which melts methane ice and releases it into the atmosphere. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Evidence of Climate change |
|
Definition
Solar radiation cycles
Temperature change
CO2 and Methane |
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|
Term
| How were the Jovian Planets formed? |
|
Definition
| the planets were formed in the outer portions of the galaxy where ice could form and create planets. |
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Term
| How do we determine distances for stars? |
|
Definition
Radar Ranging for close things
Triangulation for things that are more distant |
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|
Term
| How did we determine the age of earth? |
|
Definition
| by dating the meteors, probably cores of unformed planets that have struck the earth and asuming they are the same age. |
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Term
| What is the life history of typical star? |
|
Definition
Nebula
Protostar
Main Fusion stage
Red giant
White Dwarf |
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|
Term
| What will the sun eventually form? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the history of smaller and bigger stars differ from typical stars? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can we use the HR diagram to determine distance? |
|
Definition
| comparing the apparant luminosity with that of the absolute luminosity. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what is an elliptical galaxy?
are they growing and forming new stars? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an Irregular galaxy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can you determine the age of a galaxy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the Cepheid variables? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did the Microwave background radiation form? |
|
Definition
| from the big band, shows that the universe is stretching. |
|
|
Term
| Composition of the univere (H, He) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the evidences of the Big Bang Model? |
|
Definition
-expansion of Universe (red shift)
-Microwave Background radiation
-Composition of Universe (H, He)
-Dark Night Sky (Olber's Paradox) |
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|
Term
| What is the longest stage for a typical star? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the entropy in the universe stays the same, the event can be played backwards and not look funny. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| when the entropy in the universe stays the same |
|
|
Term
| from most ordered to least ordered what are the forms of energy |
|
Definition
Kinetic energy
Elastic potential
Nuclear Potential
Electromagnetic Potential
Chemical Potential
Thermal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mixture of element together that come together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Things are mixed together but are not forming compounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| something disolved in a liquid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| matter composed of only atoms, not molecules |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| matter that exists as molecules in the solid, liquid and gas state. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
structure of Molecules?
Formulas
Shapes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When Chemicals bond they form new orbits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Importance of Valance Electrons? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do Catalysts affect reactions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do reactions effect entropy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is activation energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Chemical Equilibrium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the properties of Metals? |
|
Definition
sea of elecrons
opaque
shiny
maleable
ductile
conductive
network of atoms
|
|
|
Term
| what are the properties of the electrons in Metal bonds? |
|
Definition
include huge number of atoms
lots of energy levels
electrons free to move |
|
|
Term
| What are semi-conductors? |
|
Definition
| has a band gap that prevents it from touching, but the band gap is closed when it is heated up, then the metals touch and transmit electrons. When an LED is cooled the band gap increases and the energy of an electron must be greater to make up for this. the color goes up the spectrum. |
|
|
Term
| what happens to the color of an LED when it is cooled down? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Properties of Ionic Bonds? |
|
Definition
high melting/boiling
metals/nonmetals
transparent
ions
|
|
|
Term
| What happens with the electrons in Ionic bonds? |
|
Definition
localized near atom
Not Free to move
Few electron energy levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Valance Electrons
Electromagnetic Attraction |
|
|
Term
| What is the same between Ionic and Metalic bonds? |
|
Definition
Network Solids
High Melting Temperatures |
|
|
Term
| Covalent bond properties? |
|
Definition
Melting and Boiling temperatures, typically low.
electrically conductive when liquified
|
|
|
Term
| What are the electrons doing in covalent bonds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Polar bonds/non polar bonds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| electronegativity, what is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intermolecular forces in Covalant bonds? |
|
Definition
dispersion
dipole-dipole
Hydrogen Bond |
|
|
Term
| Covalent Materials Properties? |
|
Definition
electrons move from molecule to molecule
low boiling point
non-metal/metal
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
unsaturated fats-good, double bnds, kink
saturated fat-single bond, no kink
trans-fat double bond no king
the longer the chain the higher the melting temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens as a fatty acids chain gets longer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Properties of the Strong Force? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nuclear Potential Energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does an atom gain or lose nuclear potential energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does nuclear potential energy relate to mass per nucleon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Fussion which atoms are likely in use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Fission which atoms are likely to fission? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why does Radioactive decay happen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What process requires huge amounts of energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the properties of Fussion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the properties of Fission? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Sheer/Transverse Waves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Longitudinal/compression waves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is wavelength of a wave? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Frequency in a wave? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the speed of waves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the properties of waves? |
|
Definition
Reflection
Refraction
Diffraction
Interferences |
|
|
Term
| Nodes and Antinodes are found in...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Dopplar Effect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
experiments?
diffraction
interference |
|
|
Term
| Particle behavior of light? |
|
Definition
Low light photography
Photoelectric effect...? |
|
|
Term
| Relationship between light frequency and energy of light? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what would you see if you sent a single photon through a double slit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what would happen if you sent many photons through a double slit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what would happen if you could measure which slit the photon went through? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does density relate to states of matter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does temperature affect the response of matter to force? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The continuous model of matter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 assumptions of the molecular model? |
|
Definition
matter consists of tiny particles
different particles give different types of matter
the particles are in constant motion
particles obey laws of motion, conservation, gravitation & electomagnetism
|
|
|
Term
| Key experiments for determing the nuclear atom |
|
Definition
Gas discharge tubes
Oil drop
Gold foil
Light spectra |
|
|
Term
| What was wrong with the plum pudding model? |
|
Definition
| couldn't explain rutherfords gold foil experiment (no concentration of protons) |
|
|
Term
| What was wrong with the solar system model? |
|
Definition
| The model would radiate as the electrons moved in the orbits |
|
|
Term
| What was wrong with the modified solar system model? |
|
Definition
it Only worked for Hydrogen
There was no physical basis for selected orbits |
|
|
Term
| Experiments on electrons that helped determine particle behavior of electrons? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Experiments on electrons that determined the wave-like behavior. |
|
Definition
| young's two slit experiment |
|
|
Term
| When is the wavelike behavior of electrons important? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the heisenberg uncertainty principle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is uncertain for small particles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Thomson's plum pudding model?
What experiment determined it?
What does it state?
problems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the quantum model of atoms where are the electrons located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the electron wells up to the third shell? |
|
Definition
__ __ __ __ __ 3d
__ __ __ 3p
__ 3s
__ __ __ 2p
__ 2s
__ 1s
|
|
|
Term
| what are the different orbital shapes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the relationship to size on the periodic table? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the relationship of Ionization Energy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the point of a period in the periodic table? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is newton's first law? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the buoyant force equal to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens when observing an object moving at about the speed of light? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are muons, what do they show? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the things that are conserved? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is energy transferred? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when and what types of energy are conserved? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 ways of learning? |
|
Definition
intuition
sensory data
authority
reason |
|
|
Term
| What are the six self evident truths? |
|
Definition
occam's razor
existence
timesymetry
position symetry
noncontradiction
causality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As mass increases what happens to the force of gravity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is happening to the moon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As distance increase what happens to the force of gravity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As the charge increases what happens to the force? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do protons ever move in physics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to the elctromagnetic force as distance increases? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| as depth increases what happens to preassure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what direction is the force of pressure on things? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The laws of nature are the same for all observers in the same referance frame? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens to the spped of light from different perspectives? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the idea of simultaneity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the observer observe when something is moving at the speed of light? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what energies are conserved? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| does a pendulum maintain the angular momentum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the proofs of continental drifts? |
|
Definition
jigsaw fit of continents
MAtching cross-continent strutural trends
fossil
paleoclimatic
sea-floor magnetic reversal stripes
world-wide earthquake patterns
Sea-floor topography
Seafloor age
Seafloor sediments thickness |
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|
