Term
| What is stellar parallax? |
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Definition
| The slight back and forth shifting of star positions that occur when we view the stars during different positions in Earth’s orbit around the sun. |
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Term
| What is stellar parallax? |
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Definition
| The slight back and forth shifting of star positions that occur when we view the stars during different positions in Earth’s orbit around the sun. |
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Term
| Which magnitude scale gives the true brightness of a star? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the line of stars on the HR Diagram that goes from the upper left corner down to the lower right? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is likely to be the final stage of our Sun's life? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some features of a neutron star? |
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Definition
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Term
| When two dwarf stars orbit eachother, they revolve around a point in space called ___________? |
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Definition
| collective center of mass |
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Term
| Which of the Terrestrial planets is "Earth's Twin"? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of Jupiter's moons has active volcanoes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why isn't Pluto classified as a planet anymore? |
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Definition
| it does not have a cellestial body |
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Term
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Definition
| large mass of rock-like material within the solar system |
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Term
| What does the term revolution mean in terms of the motion of the Earth? |
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Definition
| movement of Earth around the Sun |
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Term
| When the Moon is directly between the Sun and the Earth and casts its shadow on the Earth, this is known as a __________? |
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Definition
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Term
| The oldest features of the lunar surface are the __________? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the hypothesis describing the formation of the Moon? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the hypothesis that propose the solar system started out as a rotating cloud of gas? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the term rotation mean in terms of the movement of Earth around the Sun? |
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Definition
| The spinning of Earth on its axis |
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Term
| What is the phase called when the moon is nearly full, but not quite full? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can terrestrial planets hold on to heavy gasses like CO^2, but not lighter ones, like hydrogen? |
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Definition
| Gravity is not sufficient enough to hold light gasses permanently |
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Term
| Describe a geocentric model of the solar system. |
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Definition
| The theory that the Earth is at the center of the universe and other objects move around it. |
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Term
| Which western astronomer was famous for fisrt publishing the idea of a heliocentric model for the solar system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is retrograde motion? |
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Definition
| The apparent westward motion of the planets with respect to the stars |
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Term
| Johannes Kepler discovered that the shape of planets' orbits around the Sun was not a circle but a(n) __________? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name one of the things that Galileo discovered by looking through his telescope. |
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Definition
| The discovery of Jupiter's four largest satelites, or moons. |
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Term
| What is Newton's First Law of Motion? |
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Definition
| Inertia- n object at rest will maintain at the same unless directed by a force |
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Term
| Scientists agree that ___________ drives plate tectonics, they just don't know how exactly this happens. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A mechanism that contributes to plate motion in which cool, dense oceanic crust sinks into the mantle and pulls the trailing lithosphere along |
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Term
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Definition
| It is a sliding plate force that causes the plate to move away from the crest of an ocean ridge |
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Term
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Definition
| When slabs of the plate start to pull away because the oldest and coldest areas start to subduct on their own |
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Term
| What is the difference between lava and magma? |
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Definition
| Magma is molten rock below Earth's surface and lava is magma that has reached the surface |
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Term
| Which rocks formed first on Earth's surface? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes some igneous rocks to be coarse-grained and some to be fine-grained? |
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Definition
| coarse-grained rocks cool slowly and fine-grained rocks cool quickly |
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Term
| How are detrial sedimentary rocks classified? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name for the layers associated with sedimntary rock beds? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who came of with the theory of Continental Drift? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did geologists originally reject the theory of Continental Drift? |
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Definition
| He couldn't explain the mechanism for movement |
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Term
| The invention of __________helped geologists explore the ocean floor after World War II. |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of boundary creates trenches (subduction zones)? |
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Definition
| convergent plate boundaries |
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Term
| An area on the inside of a plate that has volcanic activity is known as ____________? |
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Definition
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Term
| Compare and contrast a sea breeze to a land breeze. |
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Definition
| Sea breeze- originates from water and travels to land creating a cooling effect Land breeze- originates on dry land, during the night, and travels over bodies of water, cooling it |
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Term
| Describe how a Chinook wind forms. |
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Definition
| They form from strong downhill winds and increase temperature |
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Term
| What device measures wind direction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What device measures wind speed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What angle (in degrees) is used to indicate wind coming out of the sounth? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Force exerted by the weight of the air above |
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Term
| What is the force that generates wind? |
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Definition
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Term
| How will the Coriolis Effect change wind direction? |
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Definition
| Because of Earth's rotation, currents are deflected to the right in the Northern Hemishpere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere |
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Term
| What sort of weather is associated with low pressure systems? |
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Definition
| bad weather (thunderstorms) |
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Term
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Definition
| An extreme change in wind direction |
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Term
| What type of air mass originats in Canada? |
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Definition
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Term
| What would be the first thing you would see as a warm front approaches from the west |
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Definition
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Term
| What shape does a mid-latitude cycle make once it is mature? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of cloud is associated with a thunderstorm? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where in the U.S. are thunderstorms most often found? |
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Definition
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Term
| When you throw a ball upward, after it has left your hand, which of the following is true concerning its motion? |
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Definition
| Its acceleration is constant |
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Term
| You give a book a quick shove across a table. Why does it come to rest? |
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Definition
| Friction causes it to slow down |
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Term
| When the rocket engines on that Starship Enterprise are suddenly turned off, while traveling in empty space, the starship will _________? |
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Definition
| move with constant velocity |
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Term
| A car traveling at some speed "v" rolls up a hill. Compare its kinetic energy "KE", to its potential energy "PE". |
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Definition
| KE decreases and PE increases |
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Term
| When a liquid boils ________. |
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Definition
| heat energy enters the substance |
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Term
| The process whereby heat is transferred by light waves is called ___________? |
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Definition
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Term
| By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one end of an iron bar become hot when the other end is placed in a flame? |
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Definition
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Term
| What gas is the most abundant in the atmosphere? |
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Definition
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Term
| On average, for every 1 km increase in altitude in the troposphere, the air temperature ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Temperature increases in the stratosphere because ozone absorbs ______________ radiation. |
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Definition
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Term
| The storage of heat in the lower layer of the atmosphere produced by certain heat aborbing gasses is called the _____________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The wavelengths of radiation emitted by Earth are ______________. |
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Definition
| longer than those emitted by the Sun |
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Term
| The cloud form that consists of globular cloud masses that take on a billowy or "cauliflower-like" structure is called ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| This cloud sometimes produces "mare's tails". |
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Definition
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Term
| Hail is most commonly associated with ___________ clouds. |
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Definition
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Term
| This fog forms in valleys at night. |
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Definition
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Term
| The type of precipitation consisting of water droplets smaller than 0.5mm in diameter is called __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Stability prevails when the environmental lapse rate is _____________________. |
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Definition
| greater than the dry adiabatic rate |
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Term
| The most important process of cloud formation in the atmosphere is ______________. |
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Definition
| cooling by the expansion of air |
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Term
| The standard sea level pressure in millibars is _________? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lines on a weather map connecting places of equalair pressure are called __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The jet stream is ________________. |
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Definition
| 1) generally faster than surface winds 2)unaffected by the Coriolis Effect |
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Term
| In the Northern Hemisphere, winds associated with a high pressure system blow ____________. |
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Definition
| countercloskwise and outward from the center |
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Term
| The Sahara and Austrailian deserts (among others) are associated with the __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A cT air mass is ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| This air mass is the source of much of the moisture for precipitation in the central and eastern United States. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cold fronts and warm fronts in the middle latitudes are often associated with a ______________. |
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Definition
| 1) low pressure 2) middle-latitude cyclone |
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Term
| After the center of a mid-latitude cyclone passes, you should expect ___________. |
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Definition
| barometric pressure to rise |
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Term
| T/F: Earth's atmosphere ends quite abruptly at an altitude of 40 km. |
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Definition
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Term
| Firbanks, Alaska has more hours of daylight in June than Miami, Florida. |
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Definition
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Term
| If it were not for the inclination of Earth's axis, there would be no well-defined seasons. |
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Definition
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Term
| Weather and Climate are synonymous terms. |
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Definition
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Term
| Distance variations between Earth and the Sun are very important in understanding seasonal temperature variations. |
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Definition
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Term
| A molecule of ozone contains two atoms of oxygen and one atom of nitrogen. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the middle and high latitudes, annual temperature range increases as you travel toward the interior of continents. |
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Definition
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Term
| Ozone is concentrated in the mesosphere. |
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Definition
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Term
| If the temperature rises and the amount of moisture in the air remains unchanges, the relative humidity will increase. |
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Definition
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Term
| Air pressure increases as altitude increases. |
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Definition
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Term
| When air rises, it expands and cools adiabatically. |
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Definition
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Term
| Air that reists vertical motion is described as being stable. |
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Definition
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Term
| Clouds form because rising air cools as it comes in contact with colder air aloft. |
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Definition
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Term
| When unstable air is forced to rise, clear weather conditions are expected. |
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Definition
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Term
| Relative humidity is usually expressed as a percent. |
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Definition
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Term
| High pressure systems are usually associated with stormy weather. |
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Definition
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Term
| Aneroid barometers are preferred over mercury barometers. |
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Definition
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Term
| A southwest wind blows toward the northeast. |
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Definition
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Term
| An isobar is a line connecting places of equal humidity. |
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Definition
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Term
| Horizontal movement of air is called wind. |
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Definition
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Term
| The existence of jet streams was first determined by Ben Franklin as a result of his kite experiments. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of the people living in the United States are under the influence of the wind belt known as the westerlies. |
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Definition
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Term
| Closely spaced isobars indicate high wind speeds. |
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Definition
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Term
| Continental polar air masses seldom influence the wether south of the Great Lakes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cold fronts usually move more slowly than warm fronts. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most severe thunderstorms that occur in the middle latitudes form along or ahead of cold fronts. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tornadoes are difficult to predict. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tornadoes are cylonic while hurricanes are anticylonic. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Fujita scale rates the intensity of a hurricane. |
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Definition
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Term
| Hurricanes form between the latitudes of 5 degrees and 20 degrees. |
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Definition
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