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Physical Geology Lecture 2
Lecture 2
11
Geology
Undergraduate 2
09/19/2010

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Term
James Hutton
Definition

founder of principle of uniformitarism

- the geological processes operating now are the same processes that have been operating throughout most of the Earth's history

Term

summit of Mount Everest is composed of

 

Definition
Limestone laid down in a shallow tropical sea; either in Ordovician times (510-410 million years ago) or in Upper Carboniferous times (280-320 million years ago)
Term
Glossopteris
Definition
seed fern in temperate climates
Term
sedimentary rocks
Definition
any rock formed by chemical precipitation or by cementation of mineral grains transported to a site of deposition by water, wind, or ice
Term

igneous rocks

(latin for fire)

Definition
any rock formed by the cooling and consolidation of molten rock (magma)
Term
metamorphic rock
Definition
any rock whose original mineralogical composition or texture has been transformed to a new mineralogical composition or new texture in the solid state as a result of high temperatures or pressures
Term

mineral

Definition
a naturally occurring inorganic crystalline solid that has a definite chemical composition, atoms arranged in an orderly three dimensional structure
Term
rock
Definition
a naturally formed consolidated material composed of grains of one or more minerals
Term
specific rock types
Definition
a naturally formed consolidated material composed of grains of one or more specific minerals combined in roughly constant proportions
Term
limestone
Definition
mainly composed of calcite
Term
basalt
Definition
mainly composed of the minerals :olivine, pyroxene, and calcium rich plagioclase feldspar
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