Term
| All processes related to river flow |
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Definition
| erosion, transportation, deposition |
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| river flows are affected by |
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Definition
| climate, solar insolation, bedrock |
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Definition
| all material deposited by rivers |
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| surface runoff is affected by |
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Definition
| spring melt, infiltration capacity, and interception, intensity/duration (of the storm), topography, evaporation, and soil |
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Definition
| initial down slope, unchannelized flow |
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Definition
| turbulence causes increased erosion |
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Definition
| rills coalesce and become larger |
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Definition
| erosion by stream or river channel |
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Definition
| a stream that flows all year round |
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Definition
| a stream that only flows at certain times |
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Definition
| region that contains a river and all of its tributaries |
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Definition
| mouth, the start of the system, headwaters |
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Definition
| ultimate level, sea level |
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Definition
| the zone or line where water drains in separate directions; perimeter of a basin often marked by ridges |
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Definition
| marks major changes in flow directions of major river systems |
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Term
| six types of drainage patterns |
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Definition
| dendritic, trellis, multiple channels, centripetal, rectangular, deranged |
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Definition
| spacial arrangement of stream distributions |
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Definition
| volume of water flowing in a stream at any given time (Q = width * depth * average velocity) |
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Term
| stream discharge is affected by |
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Definition
| shape, topography, climate, vegetation, rock type, and land use |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of rock material by flowing water |
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Term
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Definition
| physical process of water alone removing pieces of rock |
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Definition
| fragments of rock grind each other |
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Definition
| all streams and rivers, regardless of speed of flow, will move sediment |
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Definition
| minerals carried in stream (dissolved) |
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Definition
| sediments moving in the flow without contacting the bottom of the stream bed |
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Definition
| sediments bounce along the bottom of the stream bed |
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Term
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Definition
| sediments rolling along the bottom of the stream bed |
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Term
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Definition
| rivers deposit sediments within channels or on their flood plains |
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Term
| types of stream deposition |
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Definition
| alluvium, flood plains, levees, sand bars |
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Term
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Definition
| occur when rivers overtop their banks and deposit sediments in a ridge next to the channel |
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Term
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Definition
| over bank deposits only occur when rivers flood their banks |
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Definition
| any deposits with a discernible shape deposited through bed load; usually composed of sand or gravel |
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Term
| kinetic energy in streams |
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Definition
| ability to erode and transport sediment; energy of motion |
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Definition
| elevation change; headwaters |
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Definition
| friction at the bottom and sides of channel |
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Definition
| sediment being transported |
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Definition
| maximum particle size of sediment |
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Definition
| total load ability of sediment |
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Term
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Definition
| very stable but highly unusual |
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Term
| meandering stream channel |
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Definition
| occurring on relatively flat terrain, frequently have broad flood plains |
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Term
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Definition
| occur on relatively steep terrain |
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Term
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Definition
| most common in humid climates; swings back and forth across a valley |
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Term
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Definition
| mostly from flooding events; flash floods and long term floods |
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Term
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Definition
| large mass of ice that flows slowly from its origin to its margin due to gravity and other factors |
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Term
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Definition
| a period of extended ice cover |
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Term
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Definition
| milankovitch cycles, tectonic activity or catastrophic events |
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Term
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Definition
| continental glaciers that engulf entire landscapes |
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Definition
| can emit from ice sheets and ice caps or have their source in a single cirque |
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Definition
| those that terminate in water such as an ocean or lake |
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Definition
| related to the growth and decay of glaciers, accumulation and ablation zones |
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Term
| creep/ice deformation flow of glaciers |
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Definition
| weight of the ice pushes it along |
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Term
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Definition
| water is melted out of the ice onto its bed, lubricates the bed and allows the ice to move, more water the faster the movement |
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Definition
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Term
| types of glacial transportation |
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Definition
| freeze on the ice and then melt out; meltwater flow |
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Term
| type of glacial deposition |
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Definition
| outwash plains, end moraines |
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Term
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Definition
| chunks or rocks are plucked from their sources and frozen into ice; occurs commonly on down flow of small hills and results in oversteepened downflow slops |
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Definition
| the dragging of ice and rock along rock surfaces creating striations |
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Definition
| formed by valley glaciers and outlet glaciers |
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Definition
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Definition
| end moraines, till plains, outwash plains |
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Definition
| head of the glacier; frost shattering and ice movement carves this |
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Definition
| lakes that are created at the bottom of glaciers |
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Term
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Definition
| where cirque walls adjoin from opposite sides to form this knife-like ridge |
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Term
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Definition
| the intersection of three or more aretes to form a point |
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Definition
| deposit of glacial material laid down as a ridge that marks the furthest extent of glacial ice |
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Definition
| marks the retreat positions of glacial ice |
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Definition
| moraine that forms between two lobes of ice |
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Definition
| elongated mounds that form parallel to ice movement |
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Definition
| deposition of ridges of sand and gravel from a river that moved in or beneath the ice |
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Definition
| a lake resulting from buried ice that has melted |
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Term
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Definition
| compressional waves, back and forth movement |
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Term
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Definition
| transverse waves, up and down movement |
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Term
| structure of the inner core |
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Definition
| iron and nickel, solid due to pressure |
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Term
| structure of the outer core |
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Definition
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Definition
| largest of interior zones of the earth; contains the asthenosphere and lithosphere |
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Definition
| (without strength) molten plastic material |
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Term
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Definition
| upper mantle and crust; movement causes tectonic activity |
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Term
| mohorovicic discontinuity |
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Definition
| moho! boundary between crust and mantle, designates differences in density |
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Definition
| exterior of the lithosphere, density differences (continental crust [granite] and oceanic crust [basalt]) |
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Definition
| naturally occurring substances with unique forms |
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Term
| ways to distinct difference in minerals |
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Definition
| hardness, luster, cleavage, shape, and color |
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Definition
| aggregation of various minerals and pieces of minerals |
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Term
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Definition
| igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary |
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Definition
| molten rock solidifies; extrusively formed from volcanic activity at the earths surface; intrusively formed within the earths surface |
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Definition
| accumulation of sediments that is either compacted or cemented together |
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Definition
| fragments of pre-existing rocks formed together |
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Definition
| lithified organisims (fossils) |
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| boundary between sedimentary layers |
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Definition
| substantial angles as opposed to parallel layers |
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Definition
| irregular or discontinuous boundary |
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Definition
| changed state, formed due to heat or pressure; very hard and compact |
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Definition
| wavy bands in metamorphic rocks |
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Definition
| high or low features in the earth |
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Definition
| originates within the surface and increases relief |
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Definition
| originates at the surface and decreases relief |
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Definition
| dome of magma, flood basalts, fissure regions, small potential to be explosive |
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Term
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Definition
| large and gently sloped, mostly composed of lava flows, hawaii |
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Term
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Definition
| small cone shaped hills that form ash and pyroclastic flow explosions |
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Term
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Definition
| explosive, lava and pyroclastic flows, concave slopes that are gentle at base and then steep at the top; composed of alternative layers of solidified lava, ash, and cinders |
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Definition
| sunken central portion of a volcano, often contains a lake, sides are very steep |
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Definition
| zone in the earth where the earthquake originates |
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Definition
| zone on the surface where the earthquake originates |
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Term
| scale used to measure earthquakes |
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Definition
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