Term
| The natural, terrestrial surface layer containing living matter and supporting, or capable of supporting, crops is BEST called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The finely divided, partially decomposed organic matter in the soil is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The humus content of the soil makes it appear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The inorganic material base from which soil forms is BEST called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Red soils are usually high in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The colors of soils in dry climates are frequently |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The soils of boreal forests are typically |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The descriptive property of the mineral portion of soil based on varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A mixture of particle sizes is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Soil texture is important because it influences the |
|
Definition
| water and nutrient holding ability of the soil |
|
|
Term
| Extremely small mineral or organic particles that can remain indefinitely suspended in water are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Positively charged plant nutrient ions are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The water storage level below which is insufficient for plants is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Distinctive layers of soil, roughly horizontal, set apart from other layers by differences in physical or chemical composition are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The amount of water a soil can hold against the pull of gravity is its |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The clumping of soil grains is the soil's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Minerals derived by chemical alteration of the original silicate minerals found in rock are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The key factor in determining how the soils of a region support vegetation and crops is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Water is held to soil particles against the pull of gravity by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The loss of moisture to the atmosphere from the soil and from plants is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process of water dissolving and carrying the material downward through the soil layers is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The movement of material upward or downward in the soil is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Compounds in unaltered rock are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A black soil that is high in clay content, associated with savannas, and noted for its wet and dry climate is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The number of soil orders used in the United States Soil Conservation System as presented in this text is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Soil orders are grouped by |
|
Definition
| development of horizons and degree of weathering |
|
|
Term
| Permanently frozen ground is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The fertile soil characterized by a clay-rich horizon produced by illuviation and noted for a wide distribution is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The soil of the cold, boreal, or needleleaf forests is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The soil order occurring in isolated areas with a very high organic content is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The uppermost layer on a well-developed and undisturbed soil is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The soil that is strongly acidic and low in plant nutrients and humus, with a pale gray to white E horizon is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The soil that develops in moist, equatorial, tropical, and subtropical zones under long stable conditions is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The soil associated with clay minerals as the parent material that is associated with mud cracks is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The downward transport of fine particles carrying them out of the upper soil layers is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cultivation that involves clearing land, growing crops, and moving on a few years later to newly cleared land when the fertility has decreased is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Weathered parent material is the layer called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The reddish to yellowish soils that have a subsurface clay horizon, a low base status, and are typical of the southeastern United States are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The soil layer rich in both mineral and organic matter is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Decomposition of organic matter to humus is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The soil layers from the surface down on a well-developed and undisturbed soil are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The alteration of material within soil layers is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A display of soil layers on the face of a freshly cut vertical exposure through the soil is called a(n) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The upward wicking of salt-laden groundwater is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Angular or blocky describes a soil's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The study of the distribution patterns of organisms over space and time and of the processes that produced these patterns is BEST called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How the distribution patterns of organisms are affected by the environment is the focus of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The soils associated with grasslands of the mid-latitudes are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Groups of organisms and the environment with which they interact is BEST called a(n) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At the bottom of the food web are the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Photosynthesis supplies carbohydrates to the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Organisms that ingest other organisms as their food source are BEST called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Above primary consumers on the food web are the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A complex organic molecule that absorbs light energy for use by plant cells is a(n) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A byproduct of photosynthesis is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The breakdown of carbohydrates combined with oxygen to yield carbon dioxide and water is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The total amount of new carbohydrate placed in storage is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The dry weight of living matter in an ecosystem within a designated surface area is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Organisms that feed on decaying matter from all levels are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The transfer of energy in steps through an ecosystem is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How the spatial distribution patterns of organisms arise over time and space is the focus of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The largest storage pool for the nitrogen cycle is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process by which decomposers convert nitrogen compounds into ammonia is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process by which plant roots absorb nitrogen, ammonia, and nitrate, and animals receive the nitrogen by consuming the plants is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plants and animals together are BEST called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The functional role played by an organism or its "profession" is BEST called the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trees that shed their leaves seasonally are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The relationship of an ecosystem to the soil is BEST called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For an ecosystem, fire, flood, volcanic eruptions, storm waves, and high winds are examples of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In general, negative interaction between species is BEST called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The positive interaction between species that is beneficial to at least one of the species and does not harm the other is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a relationship develops where one or both species cannot survive alone, the relationship is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The series of communities that follow one another through time in a location is called a(n) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each temporary community through time as vegetation changes is called a(n) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When new land forms and plant and animal communities begin to develop, the process is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The earliest communities developing in an area represent the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the vegetation of an area is destroyed, the regrowth and development is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The creation of diversity of life-forms through the process of natural selection is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection was written by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The four processes of historical biogeography are |
|
Definition
| evolution, speciation, extinction, and dispersal |
|
|
Term
| The sequence of distinctive plants and animal communities occurring within a given area of newly formed land or land cleared of plant cover is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a plant species produces a chemical toxin that inhibits others that is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One species gaining nutrition from another is BEST called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One species feeding on another is BEST called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plants adapted to dry conditions are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The subdivision of the environment according to the needs and preferences of organisms or groups of organisms is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The differences that arise between parent and offspring are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The two processes that create variation are |
|
Definition
| mutation and recombination |
|
|
Term
| A collection of closely related species that share a similar evolutionary history is a(n) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The condition of the disappearance of a gene pool from Earth is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process by which species are differentiated and maintained is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A species found in one area and not elsewhere is said to be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Zones with the same or closely related plants and animals together are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The variety of biological life on Earth or within a region is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Areas of especially high biodiversity are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pattern that a species or closely related species are found in widely separated regions is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A very widely distributed species is said to be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The stable, mature plant cover, largely free from the influences of human activity is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The removal of forests is BEST called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The expansion of deserts is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The removal of all trees from an area is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plants that endure from year to year are BEST called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plants with several stems branching from base near the soil surface and foliage close to ground level are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Woody plants that are vines supported by other vegetation are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Small, tender plants lacking woody stems are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plants that survive for a single season are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An assemblage of trees growing close together, their crowns forming a layer of foliage that largely shades the ground is a(n) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Large plants with a single main trunk, a few lower branches, and a crown are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The expansion of the range of a species is BEST called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tree crowns are separated by open areas with low herb and shrub layers in a(n) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The two types of ecosystems are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The largest recognizable subdivisions of terrestrial ecosystems are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tall, closely spaced trees with a continuous thick and multi-layered canopy and thick surface roots are characteristic of the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Low-latitude rainforests usually have sparse plant foliage close to the ground because |
|
Definition
| the canopies absorb/block light from reaching the ground |
|
|
Term
| The forest of mixed broadleaf and needleleaf trees with some leathery leaves, moderate dense canopy, and well developed lower vegetation layer such as tree ferns, bamboo, small palms, shrubs and herbs, lianas, and epiphytes is the |
|
Definition
| subtropical evergreen forest |
|
|
Term
| The forest characterized by tall, broadleaf trees with a continuous dense summer canopy lush layer of spring herbs, and a variety of animals through the layers is the |
|
Definition
| mid-latitude deciduous forest |
|
|
Term
| Oak, beech, hickory, walnut, maple, elm, and pines are BEST associated with |
|
Definition
| trees of deciduous forest |
|
|
Term
| The climate BEST associated with the mid-latitude deciduous forest is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A climate that corresponds with the low-latitude rainforest is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Straight-trunked, cone-shaped trees with short branches and small, narrow, needle-like leaves characterize the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spruce and fir are BEST associated with |
|
Definition
| the boreal needleleaf forest |
|
|
Term
| Deer, moose, elk, black bear, marten, mink, wolves, wolverine, and fisher are BEST associated with the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coastal forest is BEST associated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cork, oak, live oak, Aleppo pine, stone pine, and olive are BEST associated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The large grazing animals such as wildebeests and their predators, lions, leopards, cheetahs, hyenas, and jackals are BEST associated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The biome consisting largely or entirely of herbs which may include grasses, grass-like plants, and forbs is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Savanna woodland is usually bordered by |
|
Definition
| equatorial rainforest or low latitude forests |
|
|
Term
| The biome noted for small, hard, or thick and leathery leaves, thick bark, and for being low-branched and gnarled trees widely spaced and evergreen shrubs is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The biome consisting of grasses, grass-like plants, flowering herbs, dwarf shrubs, mosses and lichen with reindeer moss, caribou, reindeer, lemmings, ptarmigan, foxes, wolves, and musk oxen is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The biome of the dry climates consisting of thinly dispersed plants that may be shrubs, grasses, perennial herbs, and no trees is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The climate BEST associated with the sclerophyll forest is |
|
Definition
|
|
