Term
| _______ is when water vapor changes directly from the gaseous phase to the solid phase without a transitional liquid phase |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ is when ice changes directly from the solid phase to the gaseous phase without a transitional liquid phase |
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Definition
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Term
| Water vapor changing directly to the liquid phase is known as ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Water changing to the gaseous phase is known as ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Oceans, lakes, and rivers return water to the atmosphere through: |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes up only about 2% of the world's water supply? |
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Definition
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Term
| The largest portion of fresh water today is located in |
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Definition
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Term
| The smallest portion of fresh water today is located in |
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Definition
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Term
| The transfer of water from land and ocean to the atmosphere and back again to land and oceans in a never ending cycle is |
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Definition
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Term
| Atmospheric moisture deposited at the Earth's surface as rain, hail, sleet, snow etc. |
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Definition
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Term
| After precipitation falls to the land surface, surface water can flow off the land, concentrating in streams and rivers. This flow is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| Subsurface water found under the surface in soil and rock |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ occurs when plants intercept water and release it back into the atmosphere |
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Definition
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Term
| Precipitation that does not evapotranspirate or infiltrate once it hits the ground surface contributes to: |
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Definition
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Term
| Subsurface water contained in pore spaces in regolith and bedrock is known as _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| A(n) ______ occurs in an area where the ground water is heated by hot rock near the surface which can force the ground water to flow out under pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| Late summertime baseflow in a stream is typically maintained by: |
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Definition
| the seepage of groundwater into the channel |
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Term
| The _______ is another name for a stream's point of origin |
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Definition
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Term
| The point at which a stream discharges into the ocean is typically referred to as its ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| The amount of open pore space in a rock is known as _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| What conditions would be most consistent with the characteristics of a good aquifer? |
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Definition
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Term
| A body of rock or regolith that is water-saturated, porous, and permeable is known as a(n) |
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Definition
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Term
| A subsurface rock layer that is composed of clay and represents a barrier to flow would be described as a(n): |
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Definition
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Term
| The process in which water has condensed in the atmosphere and falls back to Earth is known as _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| In which part of a straight stream channel is the water moving fastest? |
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Definition
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Term
| The replenishment of groundwater is known as ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| The water table is at the top of the _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| A ___________ will typically develop around a well when the rate of pumping exceeds the rate of recharge |
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Definition
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Term
| A __________ is a topographic high that separates adjacent drainage basins |
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Definition
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Term
| The _________ represents the point at which water no longer infiltrates into the ground due to the saturation of all available pore spaces |
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Definition
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Term
| The flat areas adjacent to the edges of a stream channel where agricultural crops are often developed are referred to as: |
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Definition
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Term
| In arid landscapes, lakes are often internally drained, and as a result of _______, leave behind accumulations of salts |
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Definition
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Term
| What variables most heavily influence the discharge of a stream? |
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Definition
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Term
| The term ______ refers to the amount of water passing a point on the stream's bank during a given unit of time. |
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Definition
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Term
| In today's society, 12 countries are classified as having less than 50% of their total population using ______, which is a problem that must be addressed in the future |
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Definition
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Term
| The _______ is below the water table in which all the pore spaces are filled with water |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ topography is characterized by many sinkholes and disrupted drainage patterns |
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Definition
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Term
| A ______ is a manmade lake resulting from the construction of a dam |
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Definition
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Term
| A stream's discharge recorded as a function of time is known as a ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Landforms generated by water flowing across the surface of the Earth are described as: |
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Definition
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Term
| Any recently deposited sediment is known as _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| The steepness of a stream channel can also be called the ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Sediment that is moved along the bottom of a stream is known as ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| A _________ stream has a low gradient and a variable range of sediment loads |
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Definition
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Term
| A _____ is the flat, low-lying area adjacent to a stream channel that receives overbank flow |
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Definition
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Term
| What mechanism is responsible for generating fluvial landforms? |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristic features of _______ include cut banks and point bars. |
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Definition
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Term
| A _______ is an excellent example of an erosional landform. |
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Definition
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Term
| In parts of the Great Plains region of North America, badlands form as a result of ____________ |
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Definition
| high rates of erosion by overland flow from slops sweeps clay particles into stream channels |
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Term
| When streams are just able to move the amount of sediment that they receive, they are said to be |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of sediment loads do streams have the most difficulty moving? |
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Definition
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Term
| Flood hydrograph curves can be used to calculate _________, which is used to place a flood in a historical context. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________ are places you would expect to find depositional landforms. |
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Definition
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Term
| The formation of ____________ is an important step in the development of badlands. |
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Definition
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Term
| When sediment is deposited on a hillslope by overland flow processes, it is described as _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| When sediment is deposited in a stream bed by the process of flowing water, it is described as _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Potholes form in a stream bed as a result of this process: |
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Definition
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Term
| A stream will likely begin agrading sediment along its bed when: |
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Definition
| the stream experiences an increase in sediment |
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Term
| A stream's capacity may decrease as a result of these factors? |
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Definition
| less water, less velocity, less sediment |
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Term
| ________ is/are the most difficult sediment loads for a stream to move. |
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Definition
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Term
| Alluvial terraces are ______ that form along the edges of the stream valley bottom and above the modern stream bank. |
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Definition
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Term
| Rapid tectonic uplift along a low-gradient, winding stream can lead to the formation of _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ often form along the edges of steep mountain ranges in arid climates that experience infrequent, but intense, rainfall events. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are sizeable groundwater reserves typically found in arid landscapes? |
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Definition
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Term
| William Morris Davis is noted for describing landscape evolution through a well-defined process called: |
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Definition
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Term
| Barrier islands typically feature ________ |
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Definition
| lagoons, tidal inlets, coastal plains |
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Term
| An enclosed bay inshore from a barrier island is a(n) _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Wave activity that occurs between the line of breakers and the shore is called ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| A shoreline with lots of bedrock in the water and coastal cliffs with terraces is probably ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following processes form spits? |
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Definition
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Term
| Beaches are best described as |
|
Definition
| thick, wedge shaped deposits of sand, gravel, or cobbles in the zone of breaking waves |
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Term
| Where would you find the most extensive chain of barrier islands? |
|
Definition
| Southeastern United States |
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Term
| The Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States are mostly ______ coast |
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Definition
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Term
| Particles of sand, gravel, and sea shells move along the shore as a result _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Sand on the beach moves in a zig-zag pattern because swash waves strike the beach: |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of coastal landforms do not form as aresult of erosion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an erosional remnant of a wave-cut platform? |
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Definition
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Term
| People often swim in the ocean and find themselves far downshore from where they first entered the water. They moved downshore because of: |
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Definition
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Term
| A _______ is a ridge or wall of wood and rock installed along retrograding beaches which can help encourage progradation by trapping sand. |
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Definition
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Term
| There may be ________ tide(s) per day in a given area due to the effects of the Sun and Moon's gravitational pull. |
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Definition
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Term
| At the base of a wave-cut cliff, one will usually find a _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| When sedimentary particles move in series of short bounces, the process is termed _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Corals have a symbiotic relationship with _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| A current within the surf zone that parallels the shoreline is a ______ current |
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Definition
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Term
| A long, narrow, sandy island lying offshore and parallel to a lowland coast is a _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Tall, offshore spires rising up from the water in front of marine cliffs are typically referred to as _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Wave-washed sediment along a coast forms a _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| The process by which wave energy pulls material back down the shoreface after the swash is referred to as ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| An ocean flooded glacial trough is a(n): |
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Definition
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Term
| The color of a glacier often appears to be: |
|
Definition
| white with a blue-ish tint |
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|
Term
| A continental glacier is found in: |
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Definition
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Term
| Any large and moving natural accumulation of land ice is a(n): |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| snow piling up and becoming granular ice, or neve; the snow turns to ice and pressure increases, causing the ice to move downhill by the pull of gravity |
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|
Term
| Alpine glaciers are generally: |
|
Definition
| long, narrow mountain glacier occupying the floor of a trough-like valley |
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Term
| A glacier that forms in a mountainous area is called a(n): |
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Definition
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Term
| The grinding and scratching of rock fragments carried by a glacier against rocks or other fragments is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| The lifting of blocks of rock from the bedrock as the glacier moves over it is glacial: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ice at the bottom is under massive pressure, causing it to lose its rigidity and, under gravity, it slowly spreads out or moves downhill |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The melting of a glacier results in: |
|
Definition
| the construction of various landforms |
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Term
| The outer most or lowest end of a glacier is called its: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| An appropriate speed for glacial movement generally is: |
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Definition
| a few centimeters per day |
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Term
| A large, thick plate of glacial ice moving outwards in all directions is a(n): |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Glaciers usually result at areas of: |
|
Definition
| high elevations and latitudes |
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Term
| Conditions that permit glacial formation include: |
|
Definition
| more snow accumulation than snow melt |
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|
Term
| A deep, steep-sided rock trench formed by erosion from alpine glaciers is a(n): |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The steep, bowl-shaped depression at the head of an alpine glacier is a(n): |
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Definition
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|
Term
| When two glaciers erode through a ridge making a pass, the landform created is a(n): |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A debris ridge along the side wall of an alpine glacier is a(n): |
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Definition
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Term
| A lake that forms in the depression at the head of an alpine glacier is a(n): |
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Definition
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Term
| Narrow, jagged, knife-like ridges formed by glaciers eroding into the ridge from both sides are |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The process of two alpine glaciers joining often produces a(n): |
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Definition
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Term
| When an alpine glacier erodes to the sea then melts, the ocean flooded valley is a(n): |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Long tongues of ice extending off of ice sheets are called |
|
Definition
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Term
| A steep, pyramid shaped mountain formed by glacial erosion on all sides is a(n): |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Landforms often found where tributary glaciers join a main glacier include: |
|
Definition
| medial, horns, aretes, and cirques |
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Term
| For several months, a glacier surge may cause a glacier to move: |
|
Definition
| at speeds of more than 100m per day |
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Term
| Pieces of ice that break off of a glacier and drift out to open sea are: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Floating ice on the ocean formed by direct freezing of ocean water is called: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| When pack ice breaks up, it becomes a(n): |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Between ice floes, narrow strips of open water are called: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| In the way glaciers transport materials, they resemble: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| All varieties and forms of rock debris deposited by glaciers are best called: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The two types of drift are BEST called: |
|
Definition
| stratified drift and till |
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|
Term
| Sorted and layered materials deposited by a glacier are BEST called: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A mixture of different sized rock fragments deposited by a glacier is BEST called: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A thin layer of till that blankets the landscape after a glacier melts is called: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| When the amount of melting equals the amount of accumulation, the glacier is said to be: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Lakes impounded by glaciers are BEST called: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A broad, smooth gently sloping surface formed beyond the front of a glacier is a(n): |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Sea ice that completely covers the sea surface is |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Great plates of floating ice on a continental glacier are: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A snakelike ridge of sand and gravel marking a streambed within a glacier is a(n): |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The ridge of material that collects at the furthest advance of the glacier is the: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A conical mound of poorly layered material formed by accumulation of debris in a hole int he glacier and dropped down on to the landscape when the ice melted is a(n): |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The depression resulting from a piece of trapped ice occupying area during till deposition and then melting is a(n) |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Lakes that are formed during the Pleistocene in areas that are now drier climates are called: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Wind deposits from glaciated and desert areas are called: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A single episode or time period in which ice sheets formed, spread, and disappeared is BEST called a(n): |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The melting of an ice sheet during a period of warming climate is a(n): |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The period with mild climate between glacial advances is called a(n): |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The most recent glaciation in North America is called the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Driftless Area is in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A conical fan-shaped mound of layered material added to landscape adjacent to a glacier and a lake is a(n): |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Laurentide Ice Sheet is associated with: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The rising of land areas in response to the disappearance of the weight of glacial ice is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plate tectonics might have caused the most recent ice age by: |
|
Definition
| the continents moving to positions which block or reduce the flow of warm water from the equator to the poles, thus allowing ice sheets to form |
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|
Term
| Volcanism could induce ice ages by: |
|
Definition
| creating plumes of dust that go into the stratosphere and block solar radiation, lowering the temperature |
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|
Term
| The current geologic epoch is the: |
|
Definition
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Term
| The man BEST noted for graphing insolation changes on Earth through time in an attempt to understand Pleistocene climactic patterns is: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The cross-section of glaciated valleys is: |
|
Definition
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