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Definition
| elliptical open space between the eyelids |
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Definition
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| corner of the eye where the lids meet |
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Definition
| small, fleshy mass containing sebaceous glands |
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Definition
| area that the tears drain into, visible at the upper and lower lids at the inner canthus |
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Definition
| 4 straight muscles: superior, inferior, lateral and medial |
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Definition
| slanting muscles, superior and inferior |
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Term
| Cranial nerves responsible for eye function |
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Definition
Cranial Nerve VI - abducens - innervates lateral rectus
Cranial Nerve IV - trochlear - innervates superior oblique
cranial nerve III - oculomotor-all the rest |
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Term
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Definition
Sclera - fibrous
Choroid - vascular
Retina - Nervous |
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Term
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Definition
| functions as a diaphragm, varying the opening at the center, which controls the light admitted to the retina |
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Definition
| biconvex disk located just posterior to the pupil. keeps viewed object in focus on the retina |
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Definition
| posterior to the cornea and in front of the iris and lens |
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Definition
| lies behind the iris, to the sides of the lens |
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Definition
| visual receptive layer of the eye in which light waves are changed into nerve impulses |
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Definition
| where retinal fibers converge to form the optic nerve |
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Definition
| paired artery and vein extending into each quadrant, growing progressively smaller as they move into the periphery |
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Definition
| located on the temporal side of the fundus |
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Definition
| area of the sharpest, keenest vision |
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Definition
| normal constriction of the pupils when bright line shines on the retina |
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Term
direct light reflex
consensual light reflex |
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Definition
constriction of the pupil when light is shined into it
simultaneous contraction of the opposite pupil when light is shined into the other one |
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Term
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Definition
| the lens loses elasticity becoming hard and glasslike. Decreases the lens's ability to change shape to accomodate near vision |
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Definition
| lens opacity resulting from protein clumping in the lens |
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Definition
| increased intraocular pressure |
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Definition
| Most common cause of blindness, breakdown of cells in the macula of the retina |
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Definition
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Definition
| most commonly used and accurate measure of visual acuity |
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Term
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Definition
Tests peripheral vision
Normal results: 50 degrees upward, 90 degrees temporally, 70 degrees down, 60 degrees nasally |
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Term
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Definition
| Corneal light reflex - light reflection should be in the same place in each eye. |
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Definition
| detects small degrees of deviated alignment by interrupting the fusion reflex that normally keeps the two eyes parallel. Ask patient to stare, straight ahead, cover one eye with an opaque card and remove card noting what happens to the gaze - it should remain steady. If muscle weakness exists, the eye will have to adjust itself when uncovered |
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Term
| Diagnostic Positions Test |
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Definition
| Leading the eyes through the six cardinal positions of gaze to determine muscle weakness. Ask patient to follow movement of pen with only their eyes. Normal = parallel tracking of object |
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Term
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Definition
| fine, oscillating movement best seen around the iris. Mild nystagmus at an extreme lateral gaze is normal. Any other position is not |
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Definition
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| even yellowing of the sclera, extending up to the cornea. Indicates jaundice |
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Term
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Definition
unit of strength on the opthalmoscope. Black numbers indicate positive diopter (for nearer objects)
Red numbers indicate negative diopter (for objects further away) |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by the reflection of your opthalmoscope light off of the inner retina |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Development of eyes in infants |
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Definition
1) Birth to 2wks: refusal to reopen eyes after exposure to bright light, infant may fixate on object
2) 2-4wks: infant can fixate on object
3)1 mo:Infant can fixate and follow a light or bright toy
4) 3-4 mo: Infant can fixate, follow and reach for a toy
5) 6-10 mo: Infant can fixate and follow a toy in all directions |
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Definition
| inherited, recessive x-linked trait more common in males. Only boys are tested using Isahara's test. |
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Term
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Definition
| A series of polychromatic cards. Each card has a pattern of dots printed against a background of many colored dots. Ask patient to identify the pattern. A color-blind child will not be able to distinguish a pattern |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| conjunctivitis of the newborn |
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Definition
| white specks around the edge of the iris, may indicate Down's syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| yellowish, elevated nodules on the sclera of older individuals due to thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva |
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Term
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Definition
| an opacity of the bulbar conjunctiva, but one that grows over the cornea |
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Term
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Definition
| commonly seen around the cornea, gray-white arc or circle around the limbus due to the deposition of lipid material |
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Term
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Definition
| soft, raised, yellow plaques that occur on the lids at the inner canthus, no pathologic significance |
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Term
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Definition
| benign, degenerative hyaline deposits. Small, round, yellow dots scattered on the retina, no effect on vision |
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