Term
| What are the most common kinds of recurring headaches? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do tension headaches arise? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do cluster headaches arrise? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Changing or progressively severe headaches increase likelihood of... |
|
Definition
| tumor, abscess or other mass lesion |
|
|
Term
| Extremely severe headaches suggest... |
|
Definition
| subarachnoid hemorrhage or meningitis |
|
|
Term
| Visual aura and scintillating scotomas are associated with... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| coughing, sneezing or changing position of head can increase pain in... |
|
Definition
| brain tumor and acute sinusitis |
|
|
Term
| True of false: family history is normally positive in patients with migraine |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F High glucose levels cause blurring |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sudden visual loss suggests... |
|
Definition
| retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage or occlusion of central retinal A. |
|
|
Term
| Difficulty with close work suggests _______ which is___sightedness? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| similar to hyperopia but also called aging vision |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| difficulty with distant vision is called _______ or ___ sightedness |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| slow central vision loss is seen in... |
|
Definition
| nuclear cataract and macular degeneration |
|
|
Term
| peripheral vision loss is seen in... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| moving specks or strands in vision suggest_____ while fixed defects (scotomas) suggest _____ |
|
Definition
| vitrous floaters; lesions in retina or visual pathway |
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|
Term
| flashing lights or new vitrous floaters suggest detachment of ______ from _____ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| diplopia (double-vision) may result from |
|
Definition
-lesion in brainstem or cerebellum
-weakness or paralysis of extra-ocular muscles
-in only one eye, suggests problem in lens or cornea |
|
|
Term
| hyperthyroidism leads to ____ hair |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hypothyroidism leads to ___ hair |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| redness or scaling of the scalp can be caused by... |
|
Definition
| seborrheic dermatitis or psoriasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hydrocephalus and paget's disease of bone |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-due to increased adrenal hormone production
-round or "moon" face with red cheeks
-excessive hair growth may be present in mustache, sideburn and chin areas (hirsutism) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-edematous face, often pale
-swelling appears first around eyes (periorbital edema)and in morning
-eyes become slitlike when edema is severe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-severe hypothyroidism
-dull, puffy facies
-non-pitting edema mostly around eyes
-dry, coarse, thin eyebrows
-dry skin |
|
|
Term
| Parotid gland enlargement |
|
Definition
chronic bilateral asymptomatic parotid gland enlargement
-swelling obscures ear lobes
-may be associated with obesity, diabetes, cirrhosis and other conditions.
-swelling anterior to the ear lobes and above angle of jaw
-gradual unilateral enlargement suggests neoplasm
-acute enlargement seen in mumps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-due to increased HGH
-produces enlargement of both bone and soft tissues
-elongated head
-prominent brow, nose and jaw
-facial features appear coarsened
-nose, lip and ear soft tissues also enlarge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-decreased facial mobility blunts expression
-masklike face results, decreased blinking and characteristic stare
-trunk tends to flex forward - patient seems to peer upward
-facial skin becomes oily, drooling may occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| at 20 ft. pt can read print normal pt can read at 200 ft. |
|
|
Term
| legal blind at what level? |
|
Definition
| 20/200 or 20 degree or less constricted field of vision |
|
|
Term
| enlarged blind spots occur in conditions affecting the _____ |
|
Definition
| optic nerve. conditions like glaucoma, optic neuritis and papilledema |
|
|
Term
| Red inflamed lid margins in often without crusting... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
drooping of the upper lid
causes include:
-myasthenia gravis, damage to CN III, damage to sympathetic nervous supply (Horner's syndrome)
-weakened muscle, relaxed tissues and weight of herniated fat may cause senile ptosis
-may be congenital |
|
|
Term
| Lid retration and exopthalmos |
|
Definition
-wide-eyed stare
-note rim of sclera between upper lid and iris
-often due to hyperthyroidism
Exopthalmos
-eyeball protrudes forward
-if bilateral suggests infiltrative opthalmopathy of graves' hyperthyroidism.
-edema of eyelids and conjunctival injection my be associated
-unilateral seen in graves disease or tumor or inflammation in orbit |
|
|
Term
| excessive tearing is due to... |
|
Definition
| increased production (conjunctival inflammation and corneal irritation) or impaired drainage (ectropion and nasolacrimal duct obstruction) |
|
|
Term
| yellow sclera indicates... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
harmless yellowish triangular nodule in bulbar conjunctiva on either side of iris
-occurs frequently with aging, first on nasal and then temporal side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
localized ocular redness from inflammation of episcleral vessels
-vessels appear salmon pink and are movable over scleral surface
-may be nodular or may show only redness and dilated vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| painful, tender red infection in a gland at the margin of the eyelid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
subacute nontender and usually painless nodule involving a meibomian gland
-may become acutely inflamed but, unlike a sty, will point inside the lid rather than on lid margin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
slightly raised, yellowish, well-circumscribed plaques that appear along the nasal portions of one or both eyelids
-may accompany lipid disorders |
|
|
Term
| Inflammation of lacrimal sac |
|
Definition
AKA dacrocystitis
-swelling between lower eyelid and nose.
-acute inflammation is painful, red and tender
-chronic inflammation is associated with obstruction of the nasolacrimal dut
-prominent tearing
-pressure on sac produces regurgitation of material through the puncta of the eyelids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Thin grayish white arc or circle not quite at the edge of the cornea.
-normal w/ aging but also seen in younger people, esp. blacks
-in young people, suggests hyperlipoproteinemia
-usually benign |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
superficial grayish white opacity in cornea
-secondary to old injury or inflammation
-size and shape are variable
-don't confuse with opaque lens of cataract which is visible on a deeper plane and only through pupil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows slowly across the outer surface of the cornea
-usually from nasal side
-reddening may occur
-may interfere with vision as encroaches on pupil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
opacities of lens visible through the pupil; most common in old age
-nuclear and peripheral
-both look gray on black pupil w/ flashlight
-black against red reflex in opthalmoscope
-nuclear starts in middle, peripheral looks like wheel spokes |
|
|
Term
| if the iris bows abnormally far forward, what happens? |
|
Definition
light from the side will cast a crescent-shaped shadow on edges of iris
-this increases risk for narrow-angle glaucoma (sudden increase in intraocular pressure when drainage of aqueous humor is blocked |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the common form of glaucoma
-normal spatial relationship between iris and cornea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| constriction of the pupils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-blunt trauma to eye
-open-angle glaucoma
-impaired parasympathetic nerve supply to iris (in tonic pupil and oculomotor nerve paralysis)
-sympathetic nerve supply (Horner's syndrome) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-AKA adie's pupil
-pupil is large, regular and usually unilateral
-rxn to light is severely reduced and slowed, even absent
-very slow near rxn, but present
-slow accommodation causes blurred vision
-DTRs often decreased |
|
|
Term
| oculomotor nerve (CN III) paralysis |
|
Definition
-dilated pupil is fixed to light and near effort
- ptosis of upper eyelid and lateral deviation of the eye are often, but not always, present
-atropine-like eyedrops create a more dilated and fixed pupil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-caused by sympathetic nerve damage
-affected pupil, though small, reacts briskly to light and near effort
-ptosis of eyelid is present
-perhaps, loss of sweating on forehead
-if congenital, affected iris is lighter in color (heterochromia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-accommodate but do not react to light
-AKA Argyll Robertson pupils
-tertiary syphillis (in CNS) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| problems in external or middle ear |
|
|
Term
| sensorineural hearing loss |
|
Definition
| from problems in the inner ear, cochlear nerve or its central connections to brain |
|
|
Term
| people with sensorineural hearing loss have trouble ... |
|
Definition
| understanding speech and noisy environments make it worse |
|
|
Term
| T/F in conductive hearing loss, noisy environments help |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| medications that affect hearing include... |
|
Definition
-aminoglycosides
- aspirin
- NSAIDs
- quinine
-furosemide and others |
|
|
Term
| pain in ear, if associated with respiratory infection is most likely... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F tinnitus is common and increases in frequency with age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tinnitus when associated with hearing loss and vertigo suggests... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| feeling unsteady, lightheaded or "dizzy in the legs" suggests_____ while feeling pulled to one side suggests true vertigo from an inner ear problem or ______ |
|
Definition
| cardiovascular etiology; lesion of CN VIII |
|
|
Term
| movement of the auricle and tragus (tug test) is painful in _____ but not in _____ |
|
Definition
| otitis externa; otitis media |
|
|
Term
| tenderness behind the ear may be present in _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| testing the near reaction is helpful in diagnosing... |
|
Definition
| Argyll Robertson and tonic (Adie's) pupils |
|
|
Term
| lid lag is characteristic in... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| poor convergence is seen in... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contraindications for mydriatic drops include... |
|
Definition
-head injury and coma (need to monitor pupil responses
-narrow-angle glaucoma |
|
|
Term
| absence of red reflex suggest... |
|
Definition
-opacity of lens (cataract)
-opacity of vitreous
less commonly
-detached retina
-retinoblastoma in kids |
|
|
Term
| if the lens has been removed surgically retinal structures appear______ and you can see _______ of the fundus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in myopia light rays don't focus on the retina but _______ to it and retinal structures appear _______ than normal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| loss of venous pulsations in pathologic conditions such as head trauma, meningitis or mass lesions is an early sign of... |
|
Definition
| elevated intracranial pressure |
|
|
Term
| macular degeneration is an important cause of __________ in the elderly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| types of macular degeneration |
|
Definition
-dry atrophic (more common but less severe)
-wet exudative
-neovascular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-nontender nodular swellings covered by normal skin deep in the ear canal
-nonmalignant overgrowths
-may obscure the drum |
|
|
Term
| in otitis externa the canal is often... |
|
Definition
| swollen, narrowed, moist, pale and tnder and may be reddened |
|
|
Term
| chronic otitis externa the skin of the canal is often... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| red bulging drum indicates |
|
Definition
| acute purulen otitis media |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| unusually prominent short process and prominent handle that looks more horizontal suggest... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what decreases eardrum mobility |
|
Definition
-serous effusion
-thickened drum
-purulent otitis media |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| during weber test, in unilateral conductive hearing loss, sound is heard in ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| during weber test, pt with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss will hear (sound will lateralize to )... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rinne test, if pt has conductive hearing loss sound is heard through bone... |
|
Definition
| as long or longer than air |
|
|
Term
| rinne test, if pt has sensorineural hearing loss air conduction... |
|
Definition
| lasts longer than bone conduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-firm, nodular
-hypertrophic mass of scar tissue extending beyond area of injury
-may develop on any scarred area but most comon in shoulders and upper chest
-more common in darker skinned people
-recurrence may follow treatment
-may result from ear piercing - ugly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-deposit of uric acid crystals characteristic of chronic tophaceous gout
-hard nodules in helix or anithelix
-may discharge chalky white crystals through skin
-also may appear near joints: hands, feet, and other areas
-usually develops after chronic sustained high blood levels of uric acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-raised nodule
-lustrous surface and telangiectatic vessels
-slow-growing malignancy
-rarely metastasizes
-growth and ulceration may occur
-more frequent in fair-skinned people overexposed to sunlight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-formerly callled sebaceous cyst
-dome-shaped lump in dermis forms a benign closed sac attached to epidermis
-dark dot (blackhead) may be visible on surface
-histologically either
1. epidermoid cyst - common on face and neck
2. pilar (trichilemmal) cyst, common on scalp
-both may become inflamed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| part of eardrum superior to malleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two types of perforations of eardrum |
|
Definition
1. central - do not involve margin *more common
2. marginal - involve margin
-in both, drum loses landmarks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-large, chalky white patch with irregular borders
-deposition of hyaline material within layers of tympanic memb.
-sometimes follow a sever episode of otitis media
-does NOT impair hearing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-retract medially (away from examiner)
-sharp outline of umbo, malleolar folds
-handle of malleus is more horizontal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-usually caused by viral upper respiratory infection (otitis media with serous effusion)
-also caused by sudden changes in atmospheric pressure i.e. flying, diving (otitic barotrauma)
-eustachian tube can't equalize air pressure in middle ear with that of outside air -->air is partly or completely absorbed from the middle ear into bloodstream -->serous fluid accumulates there instead
-symptoms: fullness and popping sensations in ear
-mild conduction hearing loss
-air bubbles may be present |
|
|
Term
| acute otitis media with purulent effusion |
|
Definition
-caused by bacterial infection
-symptoms:
-earache, fever, hearing loss
-eardrum reddens, loses landmarks and bulges laterally (toward dr's eye)
-diffuse redness develops
-may lead to rupture --->purulent discharge
-hearing loss is conductive
-much more common in children than adults |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-viral infection characterized by painful hemorrhagic vesicles
-vesicles appear on tympanic memb. or canal or both
-symptoms:earache
-blood-tinged discharge from ear
-conductive hearing loss
-drum is reddened
-landmarks obscured
-different viruses may cause it, including mycoplasma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-drainage from nose
-associated with nasal congestion, stuffiness or obstruction
-accompanied by sneezing, watery eyes and itchy eyes, nose and throat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-viral infections
-allergic rhinitis "hay fever"
-vasomotor rhinitis
-itching indicates allergic response |
|
|
Term
| rhinorrhea related to seasons or environmental contact indicates... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| excessive use of decongestants can ____ symptoms, causing ______ |
|
Definition
| worsen; rhinitis medicamentosa |
|
|
Term
| drugs that cause stuffiness |
|
Definition
-oral contraceptives
-reserpine
-guanethidine
-alcohol |
|
|
Term
| pain and tenderness in face or sinuses, headache or fever associated with rhinorrhea indicate... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if congestion is limited to one side only consider... |
|
Definition
deviated septum
-foreign body
-tumor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-trauma
-inflammation
-drying and crusting of nasal mucosa
-tumors
-foreign bodies
*bleeding disorders may contribute |
|
|
Term
| tenderness of nasal tip or ala suggests.. |
|
Definition
| local infection such as furuncle |
|
|
Term
| T/F when inspecting pts nose, you can see superior turbinate |
|
Definition
| false, you can normally only see middle and inf. |
|
|
Term
| in viral rhinitis, mucosa is ______ vs. in allergic rhinitis mucosa may be ______ |
|
Definition
| red and swollen; pale, bluish or red |
|
|
Term
| T/F lower portion of nasal septum is common source of epistaxis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-pale, semitranslucent masses
-usually come from middle meatus |
|
|
Term
| nasal septum perforation may be caused by... |
|
Definition
| trauma, surgery and cocaine use |
|
|
Term
| nasal ulcers may result from... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| afferent pupillary defect (marcus gunn pupil) |
|
Definition
| optic nerve is damaged and afferent impulse is diminished and pupil will dilate when light is shined into semi-constricted pupil |
|
|
Term
| transillumination of sinuses |
|
Definition
| absence of glow from light shone through nasal or maxillary sinus indicates thickened mucosa or secretions in sinus |
|
|
Term
| streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) symptoms |
|
Definition
-fever
-pharyngeal exudates
-anterior lymphadenopathy esp. in absence of cough |
|
|
Term
| bleeding gums are most often caused by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sore tongue may be caused by local lesions as well as by systemic illness. i.e. apthous ulcers (canker sores) are ______ and smooth tongue is due to _____ |
|
Definition
| viral infection; nutritional deficiency |
|
|
Term
| causes of chronic hoarseness |
|
Definition
-smoking
-allergy
-voice abuse
-hypothyroidism
-chronic infections i.e. tuberculosis
-tumors |
|
|
Term
| t/f enlarged tender lymph nodes do not normally accompany pharyngitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| with goiter, thyroid fxn may be _______ |
|
Definition
| increased, decreased or normal |
|
|
Term
| intolerance to cold, preference for warm clothing and many blankets, decreased sweating all suggest... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| intolerance to heat, increased sweating, palpitations and involuntary weight loss suggest... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a black line is present on the gingiva in ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| swollen interdental papilla are seen in ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| asymmetric protrusion of tongue is due to ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in CN XII lesion, tongue protrude to _____ side |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common cancers of the mouth |
|
Definition
1. lip
2. tongue (occurs most often at side of tongue and then at base) |
|
|
Term
| soft palate fails to rise and uvula deviates to side in ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in CN X lesion the ____ fails to rise and the uvula deviates to the ______ side |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tender lymph nodes suggest... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hard or fixed lymph nodes suggest ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tracheal deviation may signify... |
|
Definition
important problems in thorax such as:
-mediastinal mass
-atelectasis (collapsed lung)
-large pneumothorax |
|
|
Term
| thyroid is ____ in graves disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| thyroid is ____ in hasimotos thyroiditis and malignancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in thyroiditis, thyroid is... |
|
Definition
| tender, has benign and malignant nodules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-starts w/ softening of skin at angles of mouth, then fissuring
-may be due to nutritional deficiency/overclosure of mouth from no teeth/ill-fitting dentures
-saliva wets and macerates infolded skin -->secondary infection w/ candida |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-results from excessive exposure to sunlight
-affects primarily lower lip
-fair-skinned men who work outdoorsare most often afffected
-lip loses normal redness
-lip may become scaly, somwhat thickened and slightly everted
-b/c solar damage-->predisposition to carcinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-AKA cold sore, fever blister
-produces recurrent and painful vesicular eruptions of lips & surrounding skin
-small cluster of vesicles develops-->break forming yellow-brown crusts
-heal within 10-14 days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-diffuse, nonpitting, tense swelling of dermis and subcut. tissue
-develops rapidly
-typically disappears over subsequent hours or days
-usually allergic in nature (sometimes associated with hives) it does NOT itch |
|
|
Term
| hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia |
|
Definition
-multiple, small red spots on lips
-spots may also be visible on face, hands and in mouth
-spots are dilated capillaries that may bleed when traumatized
-pts often have nosebleeds and GI bleeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-pigmented spots on lips that are more prominent than on surrounding skin
-pigment in buccal mucosa helps confirm dx
-pigmented spots may be found on face and hands
-multiple intestinal polyps often associated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-lesion Primary syphilis
-may appear on lip rather than genitalia
-firm, button-like lesion that ulcerates and becomes crusted
-may resemble carcinoma or crusted cold sore
-infectious! use gloves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-usually affects lower lip
-may appear as scaly plaque, ulcer w/o a crust, or as a nodular lesion
-fair skin & prolonged exposure to sun are common risk factors |
|
|
Term
| t/f if tonsils are large, then they must be infected |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-red throat with white exudates
-together with fever and enlarged cervical lymph nodes increase probability of group A strep infection or infectious mono (epstein-Barr virus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-red, vascular pharynx
-due to several kinds of viruses and bacteria
-no fever/exudate/enlarged lymph nodes means no strep A or mono |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-rare b/c of vaccines
-acute infection caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae
-prompt dx may lead to life-saving treatment
-dull, red throat w/ gray exudate present on uvula, pharynx and tongue
-airway may become obstructed |
|
|
Term
| thrush on palate (candidiasis) |
|
Definition
-scrapes off (leukoplakia does not)
-yeast infection due to candida
-may appear elsewhere besides palate
-thick, white plaques that are somewhat adherent to underlying mucosa
-predisposing factors are: prolonged antibiotic/corticosteroid treatment and/or AIDS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-deep purple color lesion (not necessarily present)
-lesion may be raised or flat
-pt's with AIDS - palate is common place for tumor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-midline bony growth in hard palate
-fairly common in adults
-size and lobulation vary
-harmless |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-normal sebaceous glands that appear as small yellowish spots on buccal mucosa or lips
-not to worry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-small red spots that result when blood escapes from capillaries into tissues
-often caused by biting cheek (buccal mucosa)
-may be due to infection, trauma, or decreased platelets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-thickened white patch
-Does NOT scrape off
-can occur anywhere in mouth
-example results from chewing tobacco
-this type of irritation leads to cancer
-painless |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-common among teenagers and young adults
-gingival margins are reddened and swollen
-interdental papilla are blunted, swollen and red
-brushing teeth often makes gums bleed
-plaque-the soft white film that leads to gingivitis-is not readily visible |
|
|
Term
| acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis |
|
Definition
-uncommon form of gingivitis
-occurs suddenly in adolescents and young adults
-accompanied by fever, malaise and enlarged lymph nodes
-ulcers develop in interdental papillae and then destructive (necrotizing) process spreads along gum margin
-gums bleed easily
-breath is foul |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-enlarged gums
-swollen into heaped up masses that can cover teeth
-can be caused by dilantin (anti-seizure) therapy, puberty, pregnancy and leukemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-AKA epulis, pyogenic granuloma
-localized gingival enlargement
-forms tumorlike mass that usually originates in interdental papilla
-red, soft and bleeds easily
-about 1% of pregnancies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-in elderly, worn-down teeth
-yellow-brown dentin is exposed
-gums also recede |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-smaller, more widely spaced than normal
-notched along biting surfaces
-upper central incisors most often affected
-sign of CONGENITAL SYPHILLIS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-benign
-scattered smooth areas w/o papilla
-make maplike pattern w/ normal areas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-yellowish to brown or black elongated papilla
-benign
-may follow antibiotic therapy
-may also occur spontaneously |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-aka scrotal tongue
-appear w/ increasing age
-benign
-may accumulate food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-aka atrophic glossitis
-smooth, often sore
-lost its papillae
-suggests deficiency in vitamins or treatment w/ chemotherapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-infection w/ candida
-thick white coating that CAN be scraped off
-may also occur w/o white coating
-seen in immunosuppressed conditions esp. AIDS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-white raised area that CANNOT be scraped off
-seen in HIV and AIDS
-can lead to cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not clinically significant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-aka canker sore
-painful
-round ulcer that has halo of reddened mucosa
-heals in 7-10 days but may recur
-viral in nature |
|
|
Term
| mucous patch of syphillis |
|
Definition
-secondary syphillis
-painless
-highly infectious
-slightly raised and covered by gray memb. |
|
|
Term
| carcinoma in floor of mouth |
|
Definition
-ulcerated lesion
-common location for carcinoma
-more reddened area of mucosa (erythroplakia) suggests possible malignancy |
|
|
Term
| diffuse enlargement of thyroid |
|
Definition
-includes isthmus and lateral lobes
-no palpable nodes
-causes include: grave's disease, hashimoto's thyroiditis, endemic goiter
-autoimmune |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-may be cyst or benign tumor
-malignant?
-risk factors: irradiation, hardness, rapid growth, fixation, enlarged cervical nodes, occurrence in males |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-suggests metabolic rather than neoplastic process
-positive family hx and continuing nodular enlargement are risk factors for malignancy |
|
|
