Term
| What are the 6 main vital signs? |
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Definition
1. height
2. weight
3. blood pressure
4. temperature
5. pulse
6. respiration |
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Term
| When dealing with weight, what are the three key elements that commonly change in adults? |
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Definition
1. water/fluid
2. fat
3. muscle mass |
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Term
| What is a normal BMI? overweight BMI? obese? |
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Definition
normal = 18-26
overweight = 27-30
obese = > 30 |
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Term
| What is the principle behind blood pressure? |
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Definition
| the total oxxlusion of the proximal segment of the artery by a measured force, listening for changes in blood flow as the force is released |
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Term
| What are the 5 Korotkoff sounds? |
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Definition
1. first consecutive sounds = systolic pressure
2. changes to blowing or swishing
3. softer thud
4. muffling begins - diastolic for children
5. silence - diastolic in adults |
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Term
| What is a normal BP for adults? pulse? |
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Definition
BP = 120/80 or lower
pulse = 60-100 at rest |
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Term
What is the normal respiration rate?
normal temperature in adults? what is normal standard of where to take the temp at UIHC? When is it a fever? |
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Definition
14-18 in an adult at rest
normal temp = 37 degrees celsius
normal standard is the ear
fever is 37.5 degrees celsius |
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Term
| What are the 4 elements of the physical exam? |
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Definition
1. inspection
2. palpation
3. percussion
4. ausculation
(in this order) |
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Term
| What is being looked at during inspection? |
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Definition
| appearance, shape, bulk, asymmetry, body language, ability to move, gait, speech patterns, facial expression, eye contact |
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Term
| What are some standard precautions? |
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Definition
1. hand hygeine for intact skin
2. gloves when the touch will or may involve blood, body gluid, secretions except for sweat, non-intact skin, ecretions, stool, saliva, urine, contaminated items
- mask, eye protection or face shield if spray, splash, spurt, or airborne droplets are of concern |
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Term
| When should you wash your hands? |
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Definition
1. between patients
2. when moving to a cleaner site on the same patient
3. after contact with blood, body fluid, secretions, excretions, contaminated articles
4. after glove removal
5. wash where patients see you |
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Term
| What are the contact precautions? |
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Definition
1. standard precautions
2. gloves for ALL contact with patients or objects in the room
3. gown if clothing may contact patient or environmental surfaces
4. masks may be needed
ex. MRSA |
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Term
| What are special organism precautions? |
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Definition
1. standard precautions
2. contact precautions
3. gown for ALL entry into patient's room
4. dedicate non-critical items such as the stethoscope
ex. VRE |
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Term
| What are droplet precautions? |
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Definition
1. private room and door may remain open
2. mask when within 3 feet of patient
3. limite patient transport and patient should mask
ex. influenza, pertussis, adenovirus, N. meningitidis, diphtheria |
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Term
| What are airborne precautions? |
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Definition
1. special air handling and ventilation for the patient room
2. wear respirator
3. limit patient transport - patient should mask
ex. TB, varicella, measles for non-immune |
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