Term
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Definition
o General demographics
o Past medical history and surgical history
o Current complaint
o Social hx
o Family hx
o Medications
o Educational level
o Cultural beliefs |
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Term
| Steps of Tests and Measures |
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Definition
Communication
Observation (ALWAYS)
Palpation
ROM
MMT |
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Term
| Information that can be gained through observation |
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Definition
facial expressions
symmetrical or compensatory motion in functional activities
body posture
muscle contours
body proportions
color, conditions, and creases in skin |
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Term
| What to asses during palpations? |
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Definition
bony and soft tissue controus
soft tissue consistency
skin temperature and texture
"visualize" deep anatomy |
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Term
| Successful examination requires good knowldege of? |
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Definition
o Anatomy of the musculoskeletal system
o Joint structure
o Muscle structure |
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Term
| Successful examination requires good understanding of? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| study of movement of the bone |
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Term
| How is osteokinematics measured? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
movement within the joint, between the articular surfaces of the bones
Slide
Spin
roll |
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Term
| How can arthorkinematics be observed? |
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Definition
| indirectly through observation of bone movement when assessing active and passive joint ROM and with the knowledge of the shape of the artivuar surface |
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Term
| movements of arthrokinematic necessary for full osteokinematic motions? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| roll and slide in same direction |
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Term
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Definition
| roll n slide in opposite directions |
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Term
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Definition
| the end range of motion it’s the restricted barrier you hit |
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Term
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Definition
| a lesion of the joint capsule or a total joint reaction is present, characteristic pattern of restriction in the PROM will occur |
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Term
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Definition
AROM- what the pt is capable of doing
PROM- with help the possible range of motion |
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Term
| Why do both AROM and PROM |
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Definition
PROM allows for the therapist to estimate the following:
ROM at each joint
quality of movement throughout the ROM
End feel
note the presence of pain
determine capsular or noncapsular pattern |
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Term
| Info gathered by examiner through AROM |
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Definition
o Patients willingness to move
o Coordination
o Muscle strength
o Joint ROM
o Painful movements
o Attention span
o Ability to follow instructions
o Functional activity performance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- muscle, capsule, ligament stretch
(dorsiflexion is stopped due to tension in gastroc) |
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Term
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Definition
Bony
(elbow and olecranon) |
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Term
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Definition
abrupt hard to stop movement, when bone contacts bone, or a bony grating sensation, when rough articular surfaces move past eachother
ex- loose bodies, degenerative joint disease, dislocation, fracture |
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Term
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Definition
| edema, synovitis, feels boggy |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle tone, tight capsule, ligament shortened- springy sensation |
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Term
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Definition
| considerable pain is present, no sensation felt prior to PROM as pt requests movement to be stopped |
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Term
Abnormal End Feel
Springy Block |
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Definition
mechanical- a rebound is seen of felt indicates presence of an internal derangement
torn menisci |
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Term
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Definition
hard sudden soft to passive movement often accompanied by pain
acute/ subacute arthritis, sever active lesion, fx |
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Term
| Hypermobility vs hypermobility |
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Definition
hypo-ROM that does not star with 0 degrees
hyper-0 is between starting and ending mesurements |
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Term
| Possible causes of hypomobility |
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Definition
Shortening of joint, caspsule, ligament, muscles Inflammation
Immobilization
Neurological conditions
Metabolic conditions |
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Term
| Possible causes of hypermobility |
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Definition
Laxity of joint capsule,ligament, muscles
Trauma to a joint
Congenital disorders |
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Term
| Shoulder Capsular Pattern |
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Definition
Most limited- external rotation
moderately limited- abduction
least limited - internal rotation |
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Term
| 2 reasons for capsular patterns |
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Definition
| 1) joint effusion or synovial inflammation 2) relative capuslar fibrosis |
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Term
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Definition
| usually only involve one or two motions of a joint (capsular involves almost all motions) |
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Term
| Causes of non capsular pattern |
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Definition
some kind of pathology other than joint capsule:
joint derangement,
adhesion of joint capsule,
extracapsular lesions,
ligament shortness,
muscle strain,
muscle shortness.... |
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Term
| Contraindications for joint range of motion (do not harm!) |
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Definition
o Unhealed fracture/ dislocation
o Pt. under immobilization order/ post-op. interrupt healing process
o Myositis ossifcans or ectopic ossification |
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Term
| Precautions with joint range of motion |
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Definition
o Painful conditions
o Inflammatory process
o Medications
o Joint hypermobility
o Acute injury hemophelia region of hematoma (esp at elbow, knee, or hip)
bony ankylosis is suspected
after injury where there has been a soft tissue recently healed fx prolonged immobilization |
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Term
|
Definition
o Greatest extensibility of a muscle tendon unit
o Measured indirectly through PROM
o Affects the total amount of PROM of a joint
o Generally about 80% of the total range of motion (ROM) at a given joint |
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Term
| Passive Insufficiency effect on ROM |
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Definition
inability of muscle to lengthen and allow full ROM at ALL joints in which it crosses
lack of muscle length- must put muscle on slack |
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Term
| Active insufficiency on ROM |
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Definition
the inability of a 2 joint muscle to generate an effective amount of force when it is in a shortened position
lack of muscle strength- muscle has been put on slack |
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Term
| Steps to measuring AROM and PROM |
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Definition
o Visual inspection
o Expose the area
o Explain/ demonstrate desired motion
o Position patient appropriately
o Place goniometer appropriately
o Palpate landmarks
o Line up axis, stationary arm, moveable arm
o Stabilize proximal joint
o Support distal joint
o Look out for substitute movements
o Watch, visualize, interpret, relate to function
o Therapist to watch own posture, position
o Record measurement
o Neutral zero
o Other considerations- not starting in anatomical position( some joints exceptions) |
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Term
| Purpose of resisted isometric isolation |
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Definition
Used to further clarify which type of tissue is involved
increased pain- confirm involvment of contractile tissue
lack of pain- inert tissues |
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Term
| Results of resisted isometric testing |
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Definition
| o Strong & painless (no lesion) o Strong & painful (minor lesion) o Weak & painless (disorder of the nervous system, neuromuscular junction, rupture of muscle or tendor or atrophy o Weak & painful- (serious painful pathology |
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Term
| Alignment and function dictated by |
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Definition
| o Muscle function, strength, balance, flexibility o Weakness, imbalance, inhibition |
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Term
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Definition
| o Determines capability of muscle to function for movement, stability, support o Requires strong knowledge of anatomy, joint motion o Arc of movement, gravity, manual resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| • Use position that offers best fixation • Stabilize proximal!!!! • Body part in anti-gravity position o Horizontal plane if too weak • Pressure opposite to line of pull • Gradual pressure • Use long lever unless contraindicated or otherwise instructed |
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Term
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Definition
common: subject is performing isometric contraction aginst examiner
Examiner gradual build- up of pressure
Examiner eventually overpowers |
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Term
| Form of resistance that is basic to MMT |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
0- no observable or palpable muscle contraction
1- tendons become prominent but no movement
2- : supported in the horizontal plane- gravity minimized, no resistance movement through partial range of motion
2 : movement through complete range of motion, no gravity, no resistance
2+ : full ROM. gravivty minimized, slight resistance
2+ : moves through partial range of motion with gravity
3- : gradual release from test position (or partial motion, against gravity, no resistance)
3: holds test position, full available ROM, with gravity, no resistance
3+ :full available ROM, with gravity, slight resistance
4- : holds test position with slight to moderate pressure
4: holds test postion; moderate resistance
4+: " " with moderate to strong resistance
5: holds against strong resistance |
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