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Physical Assessment
Review for Test 1
37
Nursing
Not Applicable
10/08/2014

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Cards

Term
brown color pigment; increased by the sun
Definition
melanin
Term
orange-yellow pigment, most noticeable in palms and soles
Definition
Carotene
Term
oxygen-carrying pigment in RBC's
Definition
Hemoglobin
Term
fine body hair
Definition
vellus
Term
coarse hair found on head, brows, lashes, pubis, axilla, male chest and face
Definition
terminal hair
Term
excessive oilyness
Definition
seborrhea
Term
excessive dryness
Definition
zerosis
Term
itching
Definition
pruritis
Term
What factors can increase bruising?
Definition
leukemia, chemo, alcoholics, blood thinners
Term
What medications most commonly cause skin allergy?
Definition
barbiturates (most common), aspirin, antibiotics
Term
What medications most commonly cause photosensitivity?
Definition
sulfonamides, thiazides, oral hypoglycemics, tetracycline
Term
What medications cause increased pigmentation?
Definition
anti-malarials, anti-neoplastics, hormones, metals, tetracycline
Term
Where would you see changes in skin pigmentation more easily in a dark skinned person?
Definition
oral mucosa, under tongue, lips, nail bed, sclera, conjunctiva
Term
Smoking causes what change in skin color?
Definition
paleness due to vasoconstriction
Term
What is the scale for measuring edema?
Definition
1+mild
2+moderate
3+deep
4+very deep
Term
a small, smooth, slightly raised bright red dot which commonly appear on the trunk in all adults over 30y/o. Increase in size and number w/aging and are not significant
Definition
cherry angioma
Term
What are the typical characteristics of bruises that are a result of abuse?
Definition
multiple that are in different stages of healing, the shape of the bruise, and in places hidden on the body
Term
What should you asses a lesion for when assessing for possible malignancy?
A
B
C
D
Definition
Asymmetrical
Border (uneven-not smooth)
Color (multiple colors on 1 lesion)
Diameter (size)
Term
What is the normal degree of the angle of the nail base?
What degree is a sign of early clubbing?
Definition
Normal: 160 degrees or less
Early clubbing: 180 degrees
Term
how many seconds is normal capillary refill?
Definition
1-2 secs
Term
What are some normal skin changes in the aging adult?
Definition
atrophy of sweat/sebaceous glands, thinning, decreased collagen and subq fat, decreased vascularity, increased capillary fragility, wrinkles, dryness (xerosis)
Term
What are common benign lesions on the aging adult?
Definition
senile lentigines (age spots/liver spots), cherry angiomas, keratoses (thickened small raised areas
Term
What are common hair changes with aging?
Definition
slowed growth; ear, nose, & brow increase; hair loss (w shape)
Term
What are common nail changes
Definition
slowed growth; brittle; thickening
Term
medical term for redness
Definition
erythema
Term
a pt has an increased serum bilirubin, what abnormal findings of the skin would you report?
Definition
jaundice
Term
a skin lesion that is solely a color change; flat and circumscribed of less than 1cm
Definition
macule (ex. freckles, measles)
Term
a skin lesion that is solid, elevated, circumscribed and less than 1cm
Definition
papule (mole, wart)
Term

a skin lesion that is solid, elevated, hard or soft

goes deeper into the dermis >1cm

Definition
Nodule
Term
skin lesion that is superficial, raised, transient erythematous; slightly irregular shape due to edema
Definition
Wheal (ex. mosquito bite, allergic reaction)
Term
skin lesion that is an elevated cavity containing free fluid, up to 1 cm; A blister with clear serum
Definition
Vesicle (herpes, chickenpox)
Term
skin lesion with Turbid fluid in the cavity. circumscribed and elevated
Definition
Pustule (impetigo, acne)
Term
Describe each stage of a pressure ulcer
Definition
Stage 1- can't blanch/skin still intact
Stage 2- skin is open; looks like an abrasion or open blister w/ a red-pink wound bed (partial thickness)
Stage 3- extends into subq tissue (full thickness)
Stage 4- involves all skin layers and exposes muscle, or bone (full thickness)
Term
medical term for a bruise; a purplish patch resulting from extravasation of blood into the skin
Definition
ecchymosis
Term
tiny splinter hemorrhages due to poor clotting
Definition
petechiae
Term
a bruise you can feel; elevates the skin and is seen as swelling
Definition
hematoma
Term
excess body hair in females forming a male sexual pattern
Definition
hirsutism
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