Olfactory

• Test ability to identify familiar aromatic odors
• Anosmia: loss of sense of smell or inability to discriminate odors

Optic Nerve

• Test vision with Snellen chart
• Testing visual acuity and fields

Oculomotor

• Raise eyelids, extraocular movements
• Pupillary constriction, change lens shape

Trochlear

• Downward, inward eye movements

Abducens

• Lateral eye movements

Trigeminal

• Muslce tone and sensation
• Inspect face for atrophy or tremors
• Palpate jaw bone for tone and strength
• Test for pain and sensation
• Test corneal reflex

Facial

• Facial expressions and taste
• Secretion of saliva and tears

Acoustic

• Hearing and balance
• Compare bone and air conduction
• Test for sound lateralization
• Vestibular function: Romberg test

Glossopharyngeal

• Taste and swallowing
• Gag reflex -- test gag reflex and swallowing
• Secretion of salivary glands

Vagus

• Swallowing speech
• Secretion of digestive enzymes and peristalsis
• Carotid reflex
• Involuntary action of heart, lungs, digestive tract
• Inspect palate and uvula for symmetry
• Inspect for swallow difficulty
• Evaluate speech sounds

Spinal Accessory

• Motor and muscle strength
• Test trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle strength

Hypoglossal

• Motor and tongue strength
• Inspect tongue for symmetry/tremors/atrophy
• Test tongue movement
• Test tongue strength
• Evaluate lingual speech sounds