Term
| Alterness or state of awareness of the environment |
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Definition
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Term
| The process of registering or recording information, tested by asking for immediate repetition of material flowwoed by storage or retention of information. |
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Definition
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Term
| Awereness of personal identity, place, and time requires both memory and attention |
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Definition
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Term
| Sensory awareness of objects in the environment and their interrelationship also refers to internal stimuli such as dreams or hallucinations |
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Definition
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Term
| The logic, coherence, and rlevance of the patients though as it leads to selected goals or how people think |
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Definition
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Term
| Awareness that symptoms or distrurbed behaviors are normal or abnormal; for ex distinguishing between daydreams and hallucinations that seem real |
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Definition
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Term
| process of comparing and evaluating alternatives when deciding on a course of action; reflects values that may or may not be based on reality and social conventions or norms |
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Definition
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Term
| an observable, usually episodic, feelin or tone expressed through voice, facial expression and demeanor |
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Definition
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Term
| A more sustained emotion that may color a person's view of the world (mood is to affect as climate is to weather) |
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Definition
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Term
| Assessed by vocabulary, fund of information, abstract thinking, calculations, construction of objects that have 2 or 3 dimensions |
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Definition
| Higher cognitive functions |
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Term
| speech characterized by indirection and delay in reaching the point bc of unnecessary detail, although components of the description have a meaningful connection |
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Definition
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Term
| speech in which a person shifts from one subject to others that are unrelated or related only obliquely without realizing that the subjects are not meaningfully connected. Ideas slip off the track between clauses, not within them |
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Definition
| Loosening of association or derailment |
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Term
| An almost continuous flow of accelerated speech in which a person changes abruptly from topic to topic. changes are usually based on understandable associations, plays on words, or distracting stimuli, but the ideas do not progress to sensible conversation |
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Definition
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Term
| invented or distorted words, or words with new and highly idiosyncratic meanings |
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Definition
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Term
| speech that is largely incomprehensible |
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Definition
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Term
| fabrication of facts or events in response to questions |
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Definition
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Term
| persistant repetition of words or ideas |
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Definition
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Term
| repetition of words and phrases of others |
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Definition
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Term
| speech in which a person chooses a word on the basis of sound rather than meaning, as in rhyming and punning speech |
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Definition
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Term
| Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that a person feels driven to perform in order to produce or prevent some future state of affairs |
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Definition
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Term
| Recurrent, uncontrollable thoughts, images, or impulses that a person considers unacceptable and alien |
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Definition
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Term
| persistent irrational fears accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the stimulus |
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Definition
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Term
| Apprehensions, fears, tensions or uneasiness that may be focused or free floating |
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Definition
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Term
| false fixed personal beliefs that are not shared by other members of the persons culture or subculture |
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Definition
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Term
abnormalities of perception:
Misinterpretations of real external stimuli |
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Definition
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Term
| abnormalities of perception: Subjective sensory perceptions in the absence of relevant external stimuli. person may or may not recognize the experience as false. |
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Definition
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Term
| a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated expansive or irritable mood must be present for at least a week |
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Definition
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Term
| the mood and symptoms resemble those in a manic episode but are less impairing, donot require hospitalization do not include hallucinations or delusions |
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Definition
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Term
| a depressed mood and symptoms for most of the day, for more days than not, over at least 2 yyears freedom of symptoms lasts no more than 2 months at a time |
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Definition
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Term
| Brief test useful in screening for cognitive dysfunction or dementia |
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Definition
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Term
| The breast is made up of the following tissue |
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Definition
| Glandular, fibrous connective, and adipose |
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Term
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Definition
| Pectoral nodes, subscapular nodes, lateral nodes |
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Term
| Risk of breast cancer includes: |
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Definition
| previous BC, affect mother or sister, increasing age, early menarche, late menopause, late or no pregnancy, previous radiation to chest wall |
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Term
Breast palpation with what part of hand?
what technique |
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Definition
fingerpads of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers
vertical strip pattern in small concentric circles at each examing point. 3 minutes per breast |
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Term
| hard irregular poorly circumscribed breast nodules fixed to the skin or underlying tissues strongly suggests |
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Definition
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Term
| how to assess for nipple discharge? |
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Definition
| compress the areolar with you index finger, placed in radial positions around the nipple |
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Term
| usually a single breast nodule usually seen in young adults round disclike o lobular very mobile usually nontender |
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Definition
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Term
| round breast nodule that is often tender and mobile |
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Definition
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Term
| usually a single nodule that is irregular shaped firm and not very mobile also not tender |
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Definition
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Term
| visible signs of breast cancer |
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Definition
Retraction sign
skin dimpling
nipple retraction and deviation
Edema of the skin
Pagets disease of the nipple: scaley eczemalike lesions that may week, crust or erode |
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Term
lymphatics from the penile and scrotal surfaces drain into the?
lymphatics of the testes drain into the? |
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Definition
inguinal nodes
abdominal nodes (unpalpable) |
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Term
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Definition
| hernia of bowel through the internal inquinal ring through the inguinal canal |
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Term
yellow penile discharge could be
white or clear could be |
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Definition
gonococcal infection
nongonococcal urethritis |
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Term
| tight prepuce that cannot be retracted over the glans |
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Definition
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Term
| tight prepuce that, once retracted cannot be returned and edema ensues |
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Definition
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Term
| ventral displacement of the meatus on the penis |
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Definition
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Term
| induration along the ventral surface of the penis suggests a |
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Definition
| urethral stricture or possible cancer |
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Term
| epidermoid cysts on the scrotum are? |
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Definition
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Term
| multiple tortuous veins usually on the left side of the scrotum indicate |
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Definition
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Term
| This maneuver makes it easier to evaluate a patient for hernias: |
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Definition
| valsalva maneuver-bear down to increase intraabdominal pressure |
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Term
| if you hear bowl sounds in the scrotum what might be going on? |
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Definition
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Term
| when a hernia's contents cannot be returned to the abdominal cavity a hernia is said to be |
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Definition
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Term
| most common form of cancer in men between the ages of 15-35 |
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Definition
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Term
| palpable notender hard plaques found just beneath the skin usually along the dorsum of the penis and patient complains of crooked, painful erection |
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Definition
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Term
| usually an indirect hernia that comes through the external inguinal ring |
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Definition
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Term
| testes are atrophied and may lie in the inquinal canal or the abdomen resulting in an unfilled scrotum |
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Definition
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Term
| testes that are acutely inflamed painful tender and swollen often hard to distinguish from epididymis. |
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Definition
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Term
| a painless movable cystic mass just above the testes. they both transilluminate: one contains sperm and the other does not |
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Definition
Spermatocele
or cyst of the Epididymis |
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Term
| Infection that produces firm enlargement of the epididymis, tender, with thickening or beading of the vas deferens |
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Definition
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Term
| Three types of hernias in men? |
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Definition
indirect, direct, femoral hernia
indirect origin: above inquinal ligament, near its midpoint- internal inquinal canal
direct origin: above the inguinal ligament, close to the pubic tubercle near the external inquinal ring.
Femoral Hernia: below the inquinal ligament appears more lateral |
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Term
| these glands lie posterior and on either side of the urethral meatus opening; |
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Definition
| paraurethral (skene's) glands |
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Term
| these glands are located posteriorly on either side of the vaginal opening |
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Definition
| bartholins gland openings |
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Term
| The vagina lies almost at a what angle to the uterus |
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Definition
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Term
| two parts of the uterus and what joins them |
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Definition
corpus (body) and the cervix
joined by the isthmus |
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Term
| name the two types of epithelium on the ectocervix |
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Definition
| the ectocervix is covered by the plushy red columnar epithelium surrounding the OS(resembles the endocervix) and a shiny pink squamous epithelium continuous with the vaginal lining. there is a squamous columnar juction that forms the boundary. |
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Term
| the squamocolumnar junction migrates toward the OS creating a transformation zone. This is the area at risk for |
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Definition
| dysplasia and is sampled during a pap |
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Term
| Adnexa when taking about the Female genitalia includes what? |
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Definition
| appendages: ovaries, tubes (normally cannot be felt), and supporting tissue |
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Term
| ovaries have 2 primary functions: |
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Definition
| production of ova and secretion of hormones |
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Term
| lymph from the vulva and lower vagina drains into what nodes |
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Definition
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Term
| Internal female genitalia lymph drains to |
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Definition
| the pelvic and abdominal lymph nodes |
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Term
| fewer than 21 day intervals between menses |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| absence of menses for 12 consecutive months usually between 48-55 |
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Definition
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Term
total number of pregnancies?
outcomes of pregnancies? |
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Definition
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Term
| first cervical cancer screen should be when? |
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Definition
| 3 years after first sexual intercourse or by 21 years of age whichever comes first |
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Term
| the medium pedersen speculum is usually most comfortable for |
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Definition
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Term
| narrow bladed pedersen speculum is best for |
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Definition
| patients with a small introitus such as a virgin or an elderly woman |
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Term
| specula best suited for parous women with vaginal prolapse |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
index and middle fingers of one of your gloved hands, and from a standing position insert them into the vagina
from above palpate the cervix, uterus, ovaries |
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Term
| translucent nodules on the cervical surface and have no pathologic significance |
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Definition
| Retention cyst also called nabothian cysts |
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Term
| cervical polyps usually arise from where |
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Definition
| the endocervical canal they are bright red soft |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| Normal variants to uterus positioning are |
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Definition
| retroversion (tilting backwards) or retroflexion (backward angulation of the uterus body in relation to the cervix |
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Term
| the rectal wall contains three inward foldings called |
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Definition
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Term
| blood in the stools that is black? red? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long is the anal canal |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| this is positioned at the base of the bladder and surrounds the urethra in men |
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Definition
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Term
| The prostate gland is composed of what two tissues |
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Definition
| muscular and glandular and contains r and L lateral lobes as well as a median lobe that is not palpable. |
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Term
| internal and external sphincter control is involuntary until approx |
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Definition
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Term
| this occurs with age, resulting from degeneration of afferent neurons in rectal wall interfering with internal sphincter relaxation |
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Definition
| increased stool retention |
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Term
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Definition
| spread buttocks apart with left hand, touch lubricated finger to anus and gently insert toward umbilicus, rotate hand to examine anterior posterior and lateral walls |
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Term
| an inflammatory tract from anus or rectum to skin |
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Definition
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|
Term
| painful oval-shaped anal ulceration usually midline, sentinel skin tag associated with it |
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Definition
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|
Term
| hemorrhoids below the anorectal line usually thrombosed tender, bluish shiny ovoid masses |
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Definition
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Term
| hemorrhoids above the anorectal line covered by mucosa soft swelled identified by palpation |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the penis (crus, shaft, glans) is composed of 2 corpora: |
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Definition
| Corpora cavernosa and corpora spongiosum contains urethra |
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Term
| left testicle may be slightly what than the right |
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Definition
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Term
| storage, maturation and transit of sperm: |
|
Definition
epididymis;
vasdeferens begins at the tail of the epididymis |
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Term
| produces the major volume of ejaculatory fluid |
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Definition
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Term
| The corpora cavernosa become engorged with blood during |
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Definition
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Term
external genitalia for males and females are identical at what gestational age? differentiation takes place at what gestational age?
by what trimester are the testicles descended from the retro peritoneal space through the inguinal canal |
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Definition
8 weeks
12 weeks
3rd trimester |
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Term
| prolonged usually painful erection |
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Definition
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|
Term
| 4 abnormal Ps of the penis |
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Definition
phimosis
paraphimosis
priapism
peyronies |
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Term
| fairly common located midline superficial to the coccyx or the lower sacrum may be a small tuft of hair and surrounded by a halo of erythema |
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Definition
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Term
| widespread peritoneal metastases from anysource may develop in the area of the peritoneal reflection anterior to the rectum. firm and hard nodular |
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Definition
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Term
| nonmalignant enlargment of the prostate gland that increases with age, present in more than 50% of men |
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Definition
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|
Term
| type of joint that is freely movable: knee, shoulder |
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Definition
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|
Term
| type of joint that is slightly movable: vertebral bodies of spine |
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Definition
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Term
| immovable joints like skull sutures: |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| ball and socket joint shoulder and hip |
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Definition
| spheroidal joint (synovial joint) |
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Term
| joint with motion in one plane: flexion extension: flat and planar articulating surfaces: like interphalangeal, elbow |
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Definition
| Hinge joint (synovial joint) |
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Term
| movement of 2 articulating surfaces not dissociable: convex and concave articulation: knee, TMJ |
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Definition
| Condylar joint (synovial joint) |
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Term
| disc shaped synovial sacs that allow adjacent muscles or muscles and tendons to glide over each srgace of a bone or joint: |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis (not palpable) |
|
|
Term
| Neer's Impingement sign: what is it? |
|
Definition
| to test for rotator cuff problems: press on the scapula with one hand and raise the patients are with the other hand |
|
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Term
| Hawkins impingement sign: what is it? |
|
Definition
| to test for rotator cuff injury: fex the patients shoulder and elbow to 90 degrees with palm facing down then rotate the arm internally with elbow out |
|
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Term
| drop arm sign: what is it? |
|
Definition
| paient fully abducts the arm to shoulder level and lowers it slowly: if patient cannot hold the arm fully abducted it indicates rotator cuff tear |
|
|
Term
| carpal tunnel structures: |
|
Definition
| sheath and flexor tendons of the forearm muscles and the median nerve: |
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|
Term
| median nerve provides sensation to |
|
Definition
| the palm and palmer surface of most of the thumb, 2nd and third digits and half of the fourth digit. |
|
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Term
| hard dorsolateral nodules on the DIP joints called |
|
Definition
| heberdens nodes common in osteoarthritis |
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|
Term
| radial nerve provides sensation to |
|
Definition
| the dorsal surface of thumb 2nd 3rd and half of 4th finger not including the finger tips (median nerve) |
|
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Term
| nerve that provides sensation to the 5th and half the 4th finger including the finger tips |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Finkelsteins test: what is it? |
|
Definition
| testing thumb function if there is wrist pain: |
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Term
| What tests can be done to test for carpal tunnel? |
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Definition
| Tinel's test, Thumb abduction, Phalen's test |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| check for median nerve compression by tapping lightly over the course of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel |
|
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Term
| Phalen's sign what is it? |
|
Definition
| check for median nerve compression: hold wrists in flexion for 60 seconds by pressing the backs of both hands together to form right angles |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NAVEL
nerve, Artery, vein, empty space, lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| largest joint in the body is the |
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Definition
| knee joint: hinge involving 3 bones: femur, tibia, and the patella |
|
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Term
| cushions the action of the femur on the tibia |
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Definition
| medial and lateral menisci |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| check for minor knee effusions: with knee extended place the left hand above the knee and apply pressure on the suprapatellar pouch, displacing or milking the fluid downward |
|
|
Term
| The balloon sign: what is it? |
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Definition
| to check for major effusions of the knee: plce the thumb and index dinger of your right hand on each side of the patella and compress the suprapatellar pouch aganst the femur. |
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|
Term
what type of arthritis?
typically polyarticular
pain is usually symmetric
initially is only found in a couple joints |
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Definition
Rheumatoid arthritis
it is not found most commonly in the hip joints |
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|
Term
| when inspecting for normal gate one should expect to see? |
|
Definition
| abductor contraction stabilizes the pelvis and maintains balance |
|
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Term
| The trochanteric and ischial bursa can best be palpated with the patient lying? |
|
Definition
| lying on his side with his hip flexed and his hip internally rotated |
|
|
Term
| Valgus Stress test: what is it |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Assessing the ACL cup hands around the knee at the medial and lateral line drawing the tibia forward and observe if it slides like a drawer under the femur |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Great toe is abnormally abducted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what joint is responsible for plantar and dorsiflexion? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
muscle strength grading:
what is the scale and what is normal |
|
Definition
0-5
5 is normal: active movement against full resistance without fatigue |
|
|
Term
| Muscle strength grading 0, 1, 2 |
|
Definition
0 no contraction detected
1 barely detectable
2 active movement with gravity eliminated |
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|
Term
| Muscle strength grading 3, 4, 5 |
|
Definition
3 active movement against gravity
4 active movement against gravity and some resistance
5 active movement against full resistance normal |
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|
Term
| Scale for grading reflexes: what is the range and what is normal |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
3 Brisker than average possible but not necessarily indicative of disease
4+ very brisk, hyperactive with clonus (rhythmic oscillations between flexion and extension: possible Upper neuron findings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1+ somewhat diminished; low normal
0 no response
Hypoactive or absent reflexes usually a spinal nerve problem Lower motor neuron disease |
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|
Term
| plantar response L4-5 S 1-2 dorsiflexion of the big toe is a positive? |
|
Definition
| babinski response: central nervous system lesion |
|
|
Term
| as you flex the neck, the hips and knees flex this is a positive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| flex patients leg at both the hip and knee if pain and increased resistance is seen when leg is extended this is |
|
Definition
positive Kernigs sign
usually bilateral |
|
|
Term
| Level of consciousness: patient opens the eyes and looks at you but responds slowly and is somewhat confused |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Level of consciousness: patient arouses from sleep only after painful stimuli verbal responses are slow or even absent. paeint lapses into an unresponsive state: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
rhythmic oscillation of the eyes analogous to a tremor:
which side is determined by the fast phase
if there is only coarse oscillations then it is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Disorders of Muscle tone:
Increased muscle tone hypertonia that is rate dependent: clasp knife resistance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Muscle tone: Increased resistance that persists throughout the movment arc independent of rate of movement call Lead Pipe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Muscle tone: loss of muscle tone hypotonia causing the limb to be loose or floppy: Flail like |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Muscle tone: Sudden changes in tone with passive range of motion, sudden loss of tone that increases the ease of motion is called mitgehen. sudden increase in tone making movement more difficult: gegenhalten: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| scoring is based on a 3 point score for newborn assessment. infant score is done at 1 and 5 minutes after birth then 5 min intervals until score is greater than 7 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| swelling on the scalp from vaginal delivery...does not cross the midline |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| common skin findings at birth |
|
Definition
| petechiae meconium stain jaundice |
|
|
Term
| bluish discoloration usually in palms and soles of a newborn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pinhead-sized smooth white raised areas without surrounding erythema on nose chin and forehead of infant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| heart sound in early diastolic frequently heard in children are are normal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| test to check for posterior hip dislocation in infants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| test the ability to sublux or dislocate an intact but unstable hip in an infant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common dysrhythmia in children |
|
Definition
| Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) |
|
|
Term
| HTN in children is more likely to have a ________cause |
|
Definition
| renal, cardiac, or endocrine cause |
|
|
Term
| in an elderly adult the presence of S3 can signal? presence of S4 can signal? |
|
Definition
S3 Congestive HF
S4 compliance of ventrical |
|
|
Term
| Amyloid deposites in the heart that can cause Heart failure |
|
Definition
| Senile Cardiac amyloidosis |
|
|
Term
| Test used for assessing function in the elderly patient |
|
Definition
| 10 minute geriatric screener |
|
|
Term
| Assesing incontinence in the older adult? |
|
Definition
DIAPERS
Delerium, Infection, Atrophic urethritis/vaginitis, Pharmaceuticals, Excess urine out put, Restricted mobility, Stool impaction
DDRRIIPP:
Delerium, Drug SE, Retention of feces, Restricted mobility, Infectionof urine, Inflammantion, Polyuria, Psychogenic |
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