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Physical Assessment Arnoldi
Final Abdomen
61
Chemistry
Graduate
04/25/2010

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Cards

Term
Different Parts of the Large Intestine
Definition

Cecum

  • Ileal contents empty into cecum via ileocecal valve and appendix extends from base of cecum

Ascending Colon

  • Rises from the cecum along the right posterior abdominal wall to the undersurface of the liver, where it turns toward midline (hepatic flexure)

Transverse Colon

  • Crosses abdomen toward spleen, turning downward at splenic flexure

Descending Colon

  • Continues along the left abdominal wall to rim of pelvis, where it turns medially and inferiorly to form sigmoid colon

Rectum

  • Extends from sigmoid colon to the pelvic floor to the anal canal, terminating at the anus

Anus

  • Where poopy leaves
Term
Where is the pancreas located?
Definition
Behind and beneath the stomach
Term
Where is the spleen located?
Definition
Lcoated in left upper quadrant above the left kidney and below the diaphragm
Term
Where are the kidneys located?
Definition
Located bilaterally in retroperitoneum of upper abdomen
Term
What and Where is the rectus abdominus located?
Definition
  • Your 6 pack, or 4 pack, or 2 pack
  • Anteriorly
Term
Where are the internal and external obliques located?
Definition
Laterally
Term
What and where is the Linea alba located?
Definition
Tendinous band midline between the rectus abdominus muscles
Term

 

Where are the inguinal ligaments located?

 

Definition
From anterior superior spine of the ilium on each side of the pubus
Term
Important Organ Changes in Infants
Definition
  • GI tract continues to develop after birth until 2-3 yrs of age
  • Liver is very large at birth
  • Spleen is active in blood formation during first year of birth
  • Kidney growth increases incrementally after birth
Term
Important Organ Changes in Pregnant Women
Definition
  • Abdominal wall muscles stretch and lose tone
  • Organs are displaced and affect functions
  • Heartburn
  • Gallstones
  • Urinary stasis or urgency
  • Constipation or flatus
  • Hemorrhoids

 

Term
Important Organ Changes in Geriatrics
Definition
  • GI tract motility slows, secretion and absorption slows, and digestion overall decreases
  • Food tolerance diminishes
  • Diminished ability of liver to metabolize certain drugs
  • Delayed gastric emptying
  • Gallstones caused by increase in biliary lipids
Term

_|1|_

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Regions of the Abdomen:  Name position 1

Definition
Epigastric
Term

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_|2|_

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Regions of the Abdomen:  Name position 2

Definition
Umbilical
Term

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|3|

 

Regions of the Abdomen:  Name position 3

Definition
Hypogastric or Pubic
Term

4|_|_

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Regions of the Abdomen:  Name position 4

Definition
Right Hypochondriac
Term

_|_|5

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Regions of the Abdomen:  Name position 5

Definition
Left Hypochondriac
Term

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6|_|_

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Regions of the Abdomen:  Name position 6

Definition
Right Lumbar
Term

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_|_|7

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Regions of the Abdomen:  Name position 7

Definition
Left Lumbar
Term

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8|  |

 

Regions of the Abdomen:  Name position 8

Definition
Right Inguinal
Term

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|  |9

 

Regions of the Abdomen:  Name position 9

Definition
Left Inguinal
Term
Abdominal Distension below the umbilicus could be a sign of:
Definition
  • Ovarian tumor
  • Uterine fibroids
  • Pregnancy
  • Distended bladder
Term
Abdominal Distension above the umbilicus could be a sign of:
Definition
  • Carcinoma
  • Pancreatic cyst
  • Gastric dilation
Term
Asymmetric Abdominal Distension could be a sign of:
Definition
  • Hernia
  • Tumor
  • Cysts
  • Bowel obstruction
Term
What are bruits and where can they be heard?
Definition
  • Sounds of turbulent flow rushing past an obstruction
  • Can be heard in aortic, renal, iliac, and femoral arteries
Term
What are friction rubs and where can they be heard?
Definition
  • High pitched sounds in association with respiration
  • Indication of inflammation of peritoneal surface from tumor, infection, infarct
  • May be heard over spleen and liver
Term
What is a venous hum and where can it be heard?
Definition
  • Soft, low-pitched, continuous sounds
  • Can be heard over epigastric region and around umbilicus
Term
Appendicitis: Usual Pain Characteristics and Location of pain
Definition
  • Initial: Preumbilical or Epigastric
  • May become localized to RLQ
Term
Appendicitis: Possible Findings
Definition
  • Guarding
  • Tenderness
  • Anorexia
  • Nausea or vomiting after pain onset
  • Low-grade fever
Term
Renal calculi: Usual Pain Characteristics and Location of pain
Definition
  • Intense
  • Flank, extending to groin and genitals
  • May be episodic
Term
Renal calculi: Possible Findings
Definition
  • Fever
  • Hematuria
Term
Cholecystitis: Usual Pain Characteristics and Location of pain
Definition
  • Severe
  • Unrelenting RUQ or epigastric pain
  • May be referred to right subscapular area
Term
Cholecystitis: Possible Findings
Definition
  • RUQ tenderness and rigidity
  • Palpable gallbladder
  • Anorexia
  • Vomiting
  • Fever
Term
Pancreatitis: Usual Pain Characteristics and Location of pain
Definition
  • Dramatic, sudden, excruciating LUQ, epigastric, or umbilical pain
  • Present in one or both flanks
  • May be referred to left shoulder
Term
Pancreatitis: Possible Findings
Definition
  • Epigastric tenderness
  • Vomiting
  • Fever
  • Shock
Term
Diverticulitis: Usual Pain Characteristics and Location of pain
Definition
  • Epigastric
  • Radiating down left side of abdomen especially after eating
  • May be referred to back
Term
Diverticulitis: Possible Findings
Definition
  • Flatulence
  • Borborygmi
  • Diarrhea
  • Dysuria
  • Tenderness on palpation
Term
Ectopic Pregnancy: Possible Findings
Definition
  • Hypogastric tenderness
  • Symptoms of pregnancy
  • Spotting
  • Irregular menses
  • Soft abdominal wall
  • Mass on bimanual pelvic exam
  • Rupture: shock, rigid abdominal wall, distention
Term
Ectopic Pregnancy: Usual Pain Characteristics and Location of pain
Definition
  • Lower quadrant
  • Referred to shoulder
  • With rupture is agonizing
Term
Splenic Rupture: Usual Pain Characteristics and Location of pain
Definition
  • Intense
  • LUQ, radiating to left shoulder
  • May worsen with foot of bed elevated
Term
Splenic Rupture: Possible Findings
Definition
  • Shock
  • Pallor
  • Lower temperature
Term
Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Usual Pain Characteristics and Location of pain
Definition
  • Hypogastric
  • Crampy, variable, infrequent, associated with bowel function
Term
Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Possible Findings
Definition
  • Negative physical exam
  • Pain with gas, bloating, distension
  • Relief with passage of flatus or feces
Term
Lactose Intolerance: Usual Pain Characteristics and Location of pain
Definition
  • Crampy pain after ingesting dairy products
Term
Lactose Intolerance: Possible Findings
Definition
  • Associated diarrhea
  • Negative physical exam
Term
Diverticular Disease: Usual Pain Characteristics and Location of pain
Definition
Localized pain
Term
Diverticular Disease: Possible Findings
Definition
  • Abdominal tenderness
  • Fever
Term
Constipation: Usual Pain Characteristics and Location of pain
Definition
  • Colicky or dull and steady pain that does not progress or worsen
Term
Constipation: Possible Findings
Definition
  • Fecal mass palpable
  • Stool in rectum
Term
Uterine Fibroids: Usual Pain Characteristics and Location of pain
Definition
  • Pain related to menses, intercourse
Term
Uterine Fibroids: Possible Findings
Definition
Palpable myoma(s)
Term
Hernia: Usual Pain Characteristics and Location of pain
Definition
  • Localized pain that increases with exertion or lifting
Term
Hernia: Possible Findings
Definition
Hernia on physical exam
Term
GERD: Usual Pain Characteristics and Location of pain
Definition
  • Burning, gnawing pain in mid-epigastrum
  • Worsens with recumbency
Term
GERD: Possible Findings
Definition
Negative Physical Exam
Term
Peptic Ulcer: Usual Pain Characteristics and Location of pain
Definition
Burning or gnawing pain
Term
Peptic Ulcer: Possible Findings
Definition
May have epigastric tenderness on palpation
Term
Gastritis: Usual Pain Characteristics and Location of pain
Definition
Constant burning pain in epigastrum
Term
Gastritis: Possible Findings
Definition
  • + Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
  • Fever
  • Physical exam negative
Term
Auscultate with stethoscope diaphragm to listen for:
Definition
  • Bowel sounds
  • Friction rubs over liver and spleen
Term
Auscultate with bell of stethoscope to listen for:
Definition
  • Venous hums in epigastric area and around umbilicus
  • Bruits over aorta, renal, and femoral arteries
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