Term
| Is regulation of CHO metabolism or lipid metabolism more efficient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the three enzymes that digest lipids? |
|
Definition
- lingual lipase
- gastic lipase
- pancreatic lipase |
|
|
Term
| gastric lipase does __ to ___ % of digestion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pancreatic lipase accounts for __ to ___ of digestion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| absorption of fat from diet requires ___ ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fats are insoluble in water, they need a detergent action for digetion and absorption, bile salts are ___ in nature. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gastric and pancreatic lipase can break a triglyceride into ____. But only ___ ___ can break a diacylglycerol into ____. Then ___ ___ breaks down monoacylglycerol into glycerol and a free fatty acid. |
|
Definition
- diacylglycerol
- pancreatic lipase
- monoacylglycerol
- ester hydrolase |
|
|
Term
| what enzyme breaks a monoacylglycerol into a free fatty acid and a glycerol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the only enzyme that can break diacylglycerol into monacylglycerol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phosphotidylcholine gets converted to Lysophosphatidylcholine by releasing a fatty acid, by which enzyme? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cholesterol ester gets broken down into cholesteral and a free fatty acid via ___ ___ ____. |
|
Definition
| - cholesterol ester hydrolase |
|
|
Term
| long chain fatty acids and 2- monoglycerols are absorbed by the ___ ___. Medium chain fatty acids are absorbed by the ___. |
|
Definition
- long chain FA and 2 monoglycerols> intestinal lumen
- medium chain FA> liver |
|
|
Term
| what is absorbed by intestinal lumen? |
|
Definition
- long chain fatty acids
- 2-monogylcerol |
|
|
Term
| what happens to 2-monoacylglycerol when absorbed into the intestinal lumen? |
|
Definition
| - it is made into a trigylceride via acyltransferases and then packaged into a chylomicron |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the long chain fatty acids when they are absorbed into the intestinal lumen? |
|
Definition
- they are converted into Fatty-acyl coA via fatty acyl coA synthetase (uses ATP and CoA)
- then the fatty acyl coA helps acyltransferase convert cholesterol into cholesterol ester |
|
|
Term
| so ultimately the absorption of 2-monoacylglycerols and long chain fatty acids are used for the synthesis of what in the intestinal lumen? |
|
Definition
- 2-monoacylglycerols> triglycerides
- long chain fatty acids> fatty acyl coA>> cholesterol ester
- both triglycerides and cholesterol ester ultimately get packaged into chylomicrons |
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of a chylomicron: |
|
Definition
- triglycerides
- cholesterol ester
- apolipoprotein B-48(made from amino acids)
- phospholipids |
|
|
Term
| In the portal blood, fatty acids are ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In lymphatics, fatty acids are ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fatty acids that are 2-8 carbons long are mostly transported in the ___ ___. |
|
Definition
| - portal route so they are unesterified |
|
|
Term
| The majority of fatty acids are 10 carbons long are transported in the __ ___. But there is a significant portion transported in the ____. |
|
Definition
- portal blood
- lymphatics |
|
|
Term
| fatty acids that 12 carbons long are transported significantly in the ___ and ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fatty acids that are greater than 12 carbons long are transported in the ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lipoprotein lipase is found where? |
|
Definition
| - the endothelial lining of capillaries |
|
|
Term
| lipoprotein lipase is in the ___, ___, and ___ tissues. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| plasma lipoproteins are ___ complexes of a lipid core of poorly water soluble constituents (cholesterol eter, trigs, phospholipids, apoprotein b48). Lipoproteins are surrouned by a __ like shell. |
|
Definition
- non-covalent
- detergent like shell |
|
|
Term
| lipoproteins are __to__% lipid (fat + cholesterol) and their physiological function is ____ ___ ___. |
|
Definition
- 50-90%
- targeted lipid transport |
|
|
Term
| lipoprotein has a ___ core surrouned by ___, ___, and ____ ___. |
|
Definition
- phospholipids
- apolipoproteins
- unesterified cholesterol |
|
|
Term
| what is important for docking of chylomicrons on endothelial cells of capillaries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| impaired lipid assimiliation is generally called ___ ___. Under these conditions fat is not absorbed in the small intestine and passes through the colon without undergoing metabolism so you get fatty poop |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Less than __ grams of fecal fatty acid per day is normal. Values above this suggest malabsorption. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two possible diseases that interfere with fat metabolism having to deal with LUMINAL DIGESTION? |
|
Definition
- defects in pancreatic enzyme synthesis and secretion.
- Cystic fibrosis
- Chronic pancreatitis |
|
|
Term
| what fat malabsorption problems would have to do with LUMINAL TRANSPORT? |
|
Definition
- bile acid deficiency due to interrupted enterohepatic circulation, ileal resection or dysfunction, biliary obstruction
- deconjugation of bile acids- bacterial overgrowth syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Problem with fat absorption having to due with MUCOSAL CELL TRANPORT? |
|
Definition
- inadequate chylomicron formation
- beta lipoproteinemia
- hypo-betalipoproteinemia |
|
|
Term
| What problems with lipid metabolism involve lymphatic transport? |
|
Definition
- blockage of lymphatic transport
- congential lymphangiectasis
- Whipple's disease |
|
|
