Term
| What is the field of view on low power? medium power? high power? |
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Definition
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Term
| In class, where did our squamous epithelium come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| The human lung slide showed which epithelium? |
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Definition
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Term
| The thyroid gland slide showed which epithelium? |
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Definition
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Term
| the frog small intestine slide showed which epithelium? |
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Definition
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Term
| the frog skin slide showed which epithelium? |
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Definition
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Term
| The thick human skin slide showed which epithelium? |
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Definition
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Term
| The bladder slide showed which epithelium? |
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Definition
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Term
| The hyaline cartilage slide showed which epithelium? |
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Definition
| pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium |
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Term
| Where did the nervous tissue slide come from? |
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Definition
| a spinal cord smear from an ox |
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Term
| What is used to measure the rate of reaction of enzymes |
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Definition
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Term
| Sucrose is hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose. What kind of reaction is this? is it exergonic or endergonic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the results of increasing concentration of sucrose using benedicts test |
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Definition
| The concentrations increased as follows: 5%, 10%, 20%, 50% and 100% with a control. The color of the tubes went from a greenish-blue (5%), yellowish-green (10%), yellowish-orange (20%), light orange (50%), and dark orange (100%). This indicates that the reaction speed increases as concentration increases, until saturation occurs. |
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Term
| How does temperature have an effect on the rate of a reaction? |
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Definition
The greater the velocity, the more often molecules will collide, resulting in a faster reaction. Usually a doubling of rate occurs for each 10 C rise in temperature. At some point, the proteins denature and the reaction is stopped.
In lab, 0 C had little precipitate, 23 C showed more precipitate, 37 C showed the most, and 100 C showed none. |
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Term
| How does pH have an effect on the rate of a reaction> |
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Definition
| may modify the shape of proteins and thus affect activity; The optimal pH in lab was at 4.4. Both 1.0 and 8.0 showed little precipitate. 12.0 showed none. |
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Term
| Describe each step in Mitosis. |
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Definition
1) interphase: nuclear membrane present, chormatin present, centrioles near the center of the cell, chromosomes replicate.
2)Prophase: double chromosomes appear, nuclear membrane disappears, centrioles move toward poles, aster forms around centrioles, spindle forms
3)Metaphase: centriole migration complete, double chromosomes alight on equatorial plane, centromeres divide, double chromosomes separate
4)Anaphase: chromosomes migrate toward poles
5)Telophase: chromosome migration complete, nuclear membrane reappears, cytokinesis occurs
7) Interphase in two daughter cells |
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Term
| How long does each stage in mitosis last? |
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Definition
Interphase- 18 hrs
prophase- 30 to 60 mins
metaphase- 2 to 6 mins
anaphase- 3 to 15 mins
telophase- 30 to 60 mins |
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Term
| Describe each step in Meiosis |
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Definition
1)prophase I: diploid number is 46, double stranded chromosomes; synapsis and genes exchanged
2)Metaphase I: migrate to equatorial plane, centromeres do not divide
3)Anaphase I: chromosome reduction, haploid number is 23
4)Telophase I: nuclear membrane cytokinesis
5)Interkinesis: resting stage of DNA replication
6)Prophase II: nuclear membrane disappears and chromosomes appear
7)Metaphase II: equatorial plane, centromeres divide now
8)Anaphase II: migrate toward poles again
9)Telophase II: cytokinesis
10) interphase (with 4 new cells) |
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Term
| Describe spermatogenesis. |
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Definition
| One primary spermatocyte forms two secondary spermatocytes. Each secondary spermatocyte forms 2 spermatids (4 total). These spermatids then each form a mature spermatozoa |
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Term
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Definition
| One primary oocyte forms a secondary ocyte and a polar body. The secondary oocyte forms a ootid and one polar body. The polar body forms two more polar bodies. In total, this step has 1 ootid and 3 polar bodies. The ootid then forms a mature egg, the ovum. |
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Term
| Where is simple squamous epi found? What is the function? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is simple cuboidal epi found? function? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is simple columnar epi found? function? |
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Definition
| lining the small intestine, protection |
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Term
| Where are goblet cells often found? |
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Definition
| simple columnar epithelium |
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Term
| Where is stratified squamous epi found? |
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Definition
| epidermis of skin, protection |
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Term
| Where is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epi found? function? |
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Definition
| lining the trachea, protection |
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Term
| Where is transitional epi found? function? |
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Definition
| lining urinary bladder, protection |
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Term
| Where is skeletal muscle found? How does it contract? fatigue? voluntary/involuntary? |
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Definition
| attaches to bone, contracts fast, fatigues fast, voluntary |
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Term
| Where is smooth muscle found? contraction? fatigue? invol/vol? |
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Definition
| walls of tubular organs, contract slow, fatigue slow, involuntary |
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Term
| Where is cardiac muscle found? contraction? fatigue? vol/invol? |
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Definition
| heart, contract fast, fatigue never, involuntary |
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Term
| Where are intercalated disks found? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is skeletal muscle multi nucleated or single? what about smooth muscle? |
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Definition
| skeletal has multiple nuclei, smooth has one nucleus/fiber |
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Term
| Where is areolar connective tissue? function? What fibers does it contain? |
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Definition
| subcutaneous skin, support; collagen and elastic fibers |
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Term
| Where is fibrous CT? function? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is reticular CT? function? |
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Definition
| spleen, lymph nodes, support |
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Term
| Where is adipose CT? function? |
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Definition
| subcutaneous skin, store lipids |
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Term
| Where is blood? function? |
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Definition
| in blood vessels, support |
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Term
| Where is hyaline cartilage? function? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| hyaline cartilage and bone |
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Term
| Where are chondrocytes found? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where are haversian canals found? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 7 steps in muscle contraction? |
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Definition
1) action potential in muscle
2) release calcium ions from sarcoplasmic reticulum
3) calcium ions bind to troponin
4) myosin binds to actin = power stroke
5) calcium ions actively transported back into sarcoplasmic reticulum
6) myosin detaches from actin
7) relaxation occurs |
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Term
| How is frequency measured? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do reaction times compare to each other? |
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Definition
| Reflex times for random stimuli are longer than for predictable stimuli. Reflex times for visual stimuli are longer than for auditory stimuli. |
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Term
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Definition
| dilation of pupils when stroking the hair along the hairline behind one ear; reflex |
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Term
| what is the babinski reflex |
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Definition
| on the sole of bare foot, run mallet from posterior to anterior. toes curl upward in adults and downward in babies |
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Term
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Definition
| predictable response to a stimulus |
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Term
|
Definition
| electromygraphy; muscle electrical activity |
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Term
| What are 4 different passive processes? |
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Definition
| diffusion, osmosis, filtration, dialysis |
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Term
| Why does brownian movement occur? |
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Definition
| results from the inherent thermal kinetic energy possessed by all substances, living or non-living. This kinetic energy is the cause of diffusion. |
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Term
| What happens to cells placed in hypertonic solution? What is this process called in RBCs? |
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Definition
| cells will lose solvent and shrivel because solute concentration is greater outside the cell than inside. It is called crenation |
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Term
| What happens to cells placed in isotonic solution? |
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Definition
| there will be no net change in the amount of water in cell. |
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Term
| What happens to cells placed in hypotonic solution? What is this called in RBCs? |
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Definition
| Will be net gain of water in the cell, causing a rise in intracellular pressure and the cells will burst because the solute concentration is greater inside the cell than outside. It is called hemolysis. |
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Term
| How did RBCs react with distilled water? 0.9% NaCl? 20% NaCl? |
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Definition
| hemolysis (RBC ghosts), normal structure, crenation |
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Term
| What was the result of osmosis in sucrose solution in the following: distilled water, 1.5M sucrose, 3.0M sucrose. |
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Definition
| In distilled water, was hypotonic so it swelled. In 1.5M sucrose, it was isotonic so no change. In 3.0M sucrose it was hypertonic, so shriveled. |
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Term
| What is the objective on low power? the eye piece? total? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the objective on medium power? the eye piece? total? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the objective on high power? eye piece? total? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the objective on oil? eye piece? total? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what does the iris diaphragm do? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| increased muscle contraction caused by increased frequency of stimulus |
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Term
|
Definition
| maximal sustained muscle contraction |
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Term
|
Definition
| decrease in the strength of muscle contraction by depletion of acetyl choline at myoneural junction |
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Term
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Definition
| time following the first stimulation before a muscle or nerve can respond to a second stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| Adipose Connective Tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
| Anaphase is shown in Allium |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Interphase in allium shown |
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Term
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Definition
| Interphase in daughter cells in allium shown |
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Term
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Definition
| interphase in allium shown |
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Term
|
Definition
| metaphase and prophase in allium shown |
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Term
|
Definition
| late prophase in allium shown |
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Term
|
Definition
| Telophase in allium shown |
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Term
|
Definition
| Areolar connective tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
areolar connective tissue
(remember, find collagen fibers, elastic, and cells) |
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Term
|
Definition
areolar connective tissue
(remember, find collagen fibers, elastic, and cells) |
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Term
|
Definition
Blood
(reminder: RBC, WBC, platelets, plasma) |
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Term
|
Definition
Blood
(reminder: RBC, WBC, platelets, plasma) |
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Term
|
Definition
Bone
(Reminder: haversian canal, lacunae, matrix, osterocytes, lamella) |
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Term
|
Definition
Bone
(Reminder: haversian canal, lacunae, matrix, osterocytes, lamella) |
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Term
|
Definition
Cardiac Muscle
(Reminder: intercalated disks) |
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Term
|
Definition
Cardiac Muscle
(Reminder: intercalated disks) |
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Term
|
Definition
Cardiac Muscle
(Reminder: intercalated disks) |
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Term
|
Definition
Cardiac Muscle
(Reminder: intercalated disks) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 percent and the control |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fibrous connective tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fibrous connective tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fibrous connective tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
Hyaline Cartilage
(Reminder: lacunae, chondrocytes, matrix) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium |
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Term
|
Definition
| Reticular connective tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
| Reticular connective tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
Simple columnar
(reminder: goblet cells) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is used to test for albumin? |
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Definition
| Nitric acid (HNO3). it will turn white if present |
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Term
| What is the test for NaCl? |
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Definition
| Silver nitrate (AgNO3); if it's cloudy or white, silver chloride was formed and test is positive |
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Term
| What is the test for glucose? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the test for starch? |
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Definition
| iodine solution (IKI) if blue black, its positive |
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