WASHBURN AND LANCASTER:

-believed in man, the hunter

--ie believed that hunting was moving force behind human evol

thought it explained pretty much everything about being human

SALLY SLOCUM;

-believed that women played a motivating factor in human evol

- longer terms of infant dependency, the technology of baskets, and stone tools used as gathering tools motivating factors in human evol

males contribute more to diet in high latitudes, fems and males contrib equally around the equator.

t/f

TRUE

when males contribute more to the diet, reproduction increases

t/f

true

what do males cooperate for?

some small game hunting

BIG GAME HUNTING

between group agression

defense against predators/during scavenging

BRACE;

argued against the existence of race

-says that we can use physiology to assess geographic origins but races are not distinct entities

-- thinks we should use geographic labels instead of racial ones

-race is a social/political creation

- use favors racism

GILL

-believes race exists

-depending on the traits we use we can isolate geographic origin correctly

-believes denial of race is politically motivated, ie pc

-believes denial encourages racism

3 sources of genetic variation w/in (racial) groups;

1. mutation

2.  heterozygote advantage

3.  gene flow

2 sources of genetic variation btwn (racial) groups;

1.  natural selection

2.  genetic drift

BERGMANS RULE is;

larger animals have less surface area and lose heat less rapidly than smaller animals

ALLENS RULE;

mammals in colder environments have shorter bulkier limbs and in warmer environs have longer thinner limbs

 a CLINE is;

the gradient distribution of a trait

GOLGER'S RULE:

 w/in a species, there is a tendency for darker skinned individs to be near equator and lighter skinned to be farther from equator

JF BLUMENBACH

- founder of physical anthropology and races 1790s

- had 5 races

--caucasian the 'ideal'

--associated physical and cultural things to race

-believed in one creation event of races

MONOGENISIS

SG MORTON AND L AGASSIZ;

americans from 1800s

believed in multiple races w distinct physical and mental characteristics

believed in seperate creation events aka

POLYGENESIS

A MONTAGU (israel ehrenberg) was:

dude from mid 1900s

had a modern view of race

believed that we should use the term ethnicity instead

believed 'race' carried baggage

believed race was fluid and based on genetic change w/in populations