Term
| pressure is (SI units, formula) |
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Definition
pressure = Force/Area
SI units of Pascals |
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| Largest entropy of sum of two dice |
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Definition
7
Possible states of (1,6),(2,5),(3,4),(4,3),(5,2),(6,1) |
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| Net work using pressure and volume |
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Definition
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Term
| Say you want to find the number of microstates in a box of volume V and no of particles N. How would I do that? |
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Definition
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| Box of N particles split into two bits. Find information about the equilibrium. |
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Definition
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Term
| Delta S given Vi Vf and N |
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Definition
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| Given a graph of S and U, how do I find T. Which S vs U graph is impossible? |
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Definition
dS/dU = 1/T
dS/dU > 0 because T > 0 |
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Term
| Given Q and T graph how to find C |
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Definition
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Term
| Find delta S given C Tf and Ti |
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Definition
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Term
| Difference between c_p and c_v |
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Definition
| 8.31 usually (esp for noble gas) |
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Term
| Transnational KE and properties |
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Definition
[image]
*Independent of Mass
*avg KE per atom |
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Term
| DOF for water molecule (not straight) |
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Definition
| 3 transnational 3 rotational = 6 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What type of molecule would have the largest c_v |
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Definition
| One with lots of bonds, tons of DOF. |
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Term
| U for solids (DOF for solids) |
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Definition
U = 3NkT
DOF = 6
c_p for solids is also just 3R |
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Term
| Give the difference between C_v c_v and C_v,mol |
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Definition
C_v is the total heat capacity of a substance
Example Cv of 50 mol He is 629 J/k
c_v is the specific heat (heat capacity per unit mass)
c_v for helium is 3120 J/kgK
c_v,mol is the heat capacity per mole.
Dependent on DOF - c_vmol for He is 12.5 J/molK |
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Definition
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Term
Total no of microstates of quantum oscillator
U in quantum oscillator |
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Definition
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Term
| I know C(T). What can I do from here? |
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Definition
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Term
| I know U(T). What can I do? Also, where would I usually get U(T) from? |
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Definition
[image]
[image]
Get U(T) from equipartition:
U9T) = Ndof/2 *kT + C
Boltzmann gives U(T) also. |
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Term
| Know S vs U (S(U)). What can I do? Where do I usually get S(U)? |
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Definition
Find U(T) using:
[image]
Get S(U) from counting states.
S(U) = kln(states)(U)
Can use U(T) to find C
[image] |
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Term
| when is dS/dU = 1/T valid? How about C = dU/dT |
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Definition
1) equilibrium
2) constant volume |
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Term
| What happens to S of a 2 state system at T->0? How about T -> infinity? |
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Definition
1) S -> 0 because there is only one state available.
2) Each state is just as likely. kln(states) = kln2 usually. |
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Term
| Average total energy of a state in a quantum oscillator |
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Definition
= Probability of state * Energy of state = P*E
Total avg energy in 2 state:
U = E_H P_H + E_L P_L
Can find C from dU/dT
General formula:
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
U = mgh
Can use this to see how much particles in the atmosphere fall off by. Show that you can use anything for U, not just a random energy given. |
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Term
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Definition
Macrostate - Things like U,V,N
Microstate - position and velocity |
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Term
| Adding heat to something at a constant temperature. What's delta S |
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Definition
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Term
| Solve two blocks coming to equilibrium |
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Definition
[image]
Do that for BOTH blocks, and then:
[image] |
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Term
| Carnot Engine (properties) |
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Definition
Most efficient:
[image]
Delta S > 0
[image] |
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Term
| Carnot Engine (efficiency) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
[image]
Integrate the segments.
<- means negative work_by
-> means positive work by |
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Term
| Which processes are reversible? |
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Definition
Isothermal and adiabatic are reversible
Isochoric and Isobaric are irreversible. |
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Term
| What's zero in a reversible process? |
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Definition
*Change in total energy!!
*Change in total entropy |
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Term
| What is the relationship between quasi-static processes and reversible processes? |
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Definition
All reversible processes are quasi-static.
NOT True:
All quasi-static are reversible |
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Term
| COP for Fridge and Heat Pump |
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Definition
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Term
| General Engine Efficiency |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
[image]
Example of brick in a room
[image] |
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Term
| How to calculate max work from brick? |
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Definition
[image]
where:
[image]
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Modified ordering of isoX. |
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Definition
1) Isobaric
2) Isothermal
3) Adiabatic
4) Isochoric
This will be used for everything else. |
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Term
| What part of PV is constant for each of the elements |
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Definition
Isobaric: P
Isothermal: PV
Adiabatic: PV^(a+1)/a
Isochoric: V |
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Term
What are the "cutoffs" for:
DeltaT, deltaU
Wby
Qin
deltaS |
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Definition
1) zero at 2, decreases down
2) zero at 4, decreases down
3) zero at 3, decreases down
4) zero at 3, decreases down |
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Term
| How much does entropy change during a phase change |
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Definition
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Term
| How do chemical potentials of the 2 phases compare during a phase change? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's zero during a phase change? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's G at constant T and P? |
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Definition
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Term
| Whats du/dT at constant pressure and N |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| pressure in "thermo of photons" |
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Definition
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Term
| Other variables (ex: C_v) in thermodynamics of photons |
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Definition
Same relationships still apply, acts like a normal system. Example:
C_v = dU/dT = 4AVT^3 |
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Term
| S in thermodynamics of photons |
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Definition
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Term
| What star is the hottest? |
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Definition
One that emits:
lowest wavelength
highest frequency |
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Term
| Wavelength -> highest (700nm) to lowest (400nm) |
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Definition
| ROYGBIV (Red - 700, Violet - 400) |
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Term
[image] in thermal radiation (definition)
Total power from a star |
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Definition
Power/surface area
Power = J*A = A([image])(T^4) |
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Term
| Why isn't the same amount of energy reflected back to Earth as is reflected out to space? |
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Definition
| The Earth emits photons at a different frequency than the sun. |
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