Term
| If the width of the single slit through which light passes is reduced, what happens to the width of the central bright fringe? |
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Definition
| The central bright fringe becomes wider. |
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Term
| Consider two diffraction gratings with the same slit separation. The only difference between the two gratings is that one grating has 5 slits and the other 10 slits. Both gratings are illuminated with a beam of the same monochromatic light. What two things occur? |
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Definition
1. Both gratings produce the same separation between peaks.
2. The grating with 10 slits produces better-defined peaks. |
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Term
| A beam of light, which is traveling in air, is reflected by a glass surface. Does the reflected beam experience a phase change, and if so, by how much is the phase of the beam changed? |
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Definition
| The reflected beam experiences a 180 degree phase change. |
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Term
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Definition
| A defect in which the surface of the cornea is not spherical. Instead, it is more sharply curved in one plane than another |
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Term
| Lens that can be used to correct nearsightedness: |
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Definition
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Term
| The far point of the normal eye is: |
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Definition
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Term
| When glasses (or contact lenses) are used to correct nearsightedness, where should the corrective lens form an image of an object located at infinity in order for the eye to form a clear image of that object? |
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Definition
| The lens should form the image at the far point. |
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Term
| When glasses (or contact lenses) are used to correct farsightedness, where should the corrective lens form an image of an object located between the eye and the near point in order for the eye to form a clear image of that object? |
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Definition
| The lens should form the image at the near point. |
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Term
| What are the two functions of the eyepiece lens of a refracting telescope? |
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Definition
1. To produce an image whose angular size is greater than that of the object.
2. To magnify the image produced by the objective lens. |
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Term
| What is true about compound microscopes? |
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Definition
| The final image is a virtual image, and the image is real. |
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Term
| What is an inertial reference frame? |
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Definition
| A reference frame that is moving upward or downward at a constant speed, or one that is motionless. |
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Term
| What does special relativity reveal about the speed of light relative to its source? |
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Definition
| Light moves at the same speed independent of the motion of the source. |
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Term
The following statements are all true for what?
The laws of physics have the same form in all inertial reference frames.
Time can no longer be regarded as an absolute quantity.
Light propagates through empty space with a definite speed independent of the speed of the source or observer.
Clocks moving relative to an observer are measured by that observer to run more slowly compared to clocks at rest.
The length of an object is measured to be shorter when it is moving relative to the observer than when it is at rest. |
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Definition
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Term
| An object is moving with a velocity that approaches the speed of light. How does the length of the moving object appear to a stationary observer relative to its rest length? |
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Definition
| The length of the moving object appears less than its rest length. |
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Term
| A clock is moving relative to an observer with a velocity that approaches the speed of light. How does the passage of time measured by the moving clock compare to the passage of time measured by a stationary clock? |
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Definition
| The moving clock appears to run more slowly. |
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Term
| Suppose one twin takes a ride in a spaceship traveling at a very high speed to a distant star and back again, while the other twin remains on Earth. When the traveling twin returns, how do the ages of the twins compare? |
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Definition
| The traveling twin is younger than the twin who remained on Earth. |
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Term
Suppose you are traveling in a spaceship at a velocity close to the speed of light. Which of the following would you notice?
You would notice none of the changes listed.
Your mass would be smaller than normal.
You would be shorter than normal.
Your pulse rate would be less than normal. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two truths concerning Planck's quantum hypothesis? |
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Definition
The energy of the oscillations of atoms within molecules must be quantized.
A lower limit is set on the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted in oscillations. |
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Term
| Monochromatic light of a given wavelength is incident on a metal surface. However, no photoelectrons are emitted. If electrons are to be ejected from the surface, how should the incident light be adjusted? |
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Definition
| Light of a shorter wavelength should be used. |
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Term
| Suppose a single photon strikes an electron in some material, knocking it out of its atom. What two occurrences happen to the scattered photon? |
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Definition
| The scattered photon has less energy than the incident photon and has a longer wavelength than the incident photon. |
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Term
| Suppose an electron and a proton move at the same speed. Which particle has a longer de Broglie wavelength? |
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Definition
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Term
| What observation led Bohr to formulate his model of the hydrogen atom? |
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Definition
| A low-density gas emits a series of sharp spectral lines. |
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Term
| What was Bohr's quantum condition on the orbital energies in an atom? |
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Definition
| Angular momentum is quantized. |
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Term
| If the accuracy in measuring the position of a particle increases, what happens to the accuracy in measuring its velocity? |
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Definition
| The accuracy in measuring its velocity decreases. |
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Term
| In a double-slit experiment, electrons are fired at an opaque barrier having two small slits, and a screen beyond the barrier records where the electrons hit. After many electrons are fired, what is observed on the screen? |
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Definition
| The pattern observed indicates that electrons struck the screen in alternating bands across the screen. |
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Term
| Why is the wavelike nature of a moving baseball typically NOT observed? |
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Definition
| The baseball's wavelength is too small. |
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Term
| What does the square of the wave function represent? |
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Definition
| The square of the wave function represents the probability of finding the particle at a given position and time. |
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Term
| What is the main difference between Newtonian mechanics and quantum mechanics? |
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Definition
| In Newtonian mechanics the position and velocity of an object can be predicted at a particular time, whereas quantum mechanics can only give probabilities. |
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Term
| What must result if the eyepiece lens of a refracting telescope is replaced with a lens that has a shorter focal length? (Three things) |
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Definition
1. The length of the telescope must be reduced.
2. The angular magnification produced by the telescope increases.
3. The angular size of the image seen by the viewer increases. |
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