Term
Phylogeny of Green Agae
.green algae are not
.some are more closely related to.....
.green algae are
.one lingage of streptophyte algae....
embroyphtes are really just.... |
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Definition
.Green algae are not a monophyletic group
. because some are more closely related to Embryophtes than they are to other algae
greeen algae are paraphyletic without including Embryophytes because Embryophytes are also a descendant of the most recent ancestor of all green alga
.one lineage of Streptophyte algae is more closely related to Embryophtes than it is to other algae
.Embryophtes are really just a Streptophyte algae lineage that colonized land and diversified |
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Term
What is a land plant?
.another word for it
.land & water
.Zygote under goes _____ to become_______
.In related green algae, the single-celled______undergoes_____to produce______without_______ |
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Definition
.Embryophyte
.Algae that live on dry surfaces lichens(algae that are imbedded in fungi look like plants
.land plant that live in water (floating ferns, water lilies, et. that have secondarily reverted back to being aquatic.
.Zygote undergoes mitosis to become a multicellular, diploid embryo.
.In related green algae, the single-celled zygote immediately undergoes meiosis to produce single-celled haploid spores with out a multicellular diploid stage |
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Term
Typical multicellular algal lifecycle
.Full size organism is?
.Chromosome are not?
.Produces?Through?
.What are identical? Can do what?
.Gametes then? Which immediately undergoes? to produce? Which will grow though? Into? |
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Definition
.full-size organism is haploid
.chormosome are nOT paired
.produces gametes(equivalent of sperm and e.g.) though simple mitois, not meiosis; male and female gametes are identical both can swim
.gametes fuse into a diploid zygote, which immediately undergoes meiosis to produce haploid cells (spores) which will grow through mitotic cell division into new haploid organisms |
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Term
Geologic Time Scale
.850-500MYA
.diversification of...
.fall into...
.500-400 MYA
.400-65MYA |
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Definition
.850-500: diversification of chloropytes and Streptophytes seen Alae (include in Embryophytes) fall into two major groups:
.Chlorophytes: diversified in the salt water oceans
.Streptophytes which diversified in freshwater aquatic habitats
.500-400 MYA: Embryophytes colonize land and diversify (Bryophytes Club Mosses, Ferns); a few Chlorphyte algae make the transition form saltwater and pinstreptophyles in fresh water habitats
.400-65MYA: Seed plant Origin~ 400 MYA, flowering plant diversification~ 100 MYA modern day, flowering plants are by far the most dominant embryophytes on land, chlorophytes now dominate both saltwater and freshwater habitat (only a few streptophytes left besides Embryophytes) |
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Term
Step toward living on land
.Most lineages of___ exhibit?
.2 lineages of ___share the following derived characteristics (___) with ____? |
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Definition
.most lineages of Steptophyte algae exhibit filamentous growth
.2 lineages of Streptophyte Algae shaw the following derived characteristics (synamorphies) with Embryophytes
.Branched apical growth
. Plasmodesmata
.Phragmoplast
.Ooogamy and Retention of Egg |
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Term
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Definition
| .cytoplasm is interconnected between cellos through pores in cell wall; vastly improved cell to cell signaling and transpiration |
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Term
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Definition
| .collection of microtubles, microfilaments,and endoplasmic reticulum amoung which the cell plate forms during cell division; more effect than pinching in the cell wall to divide cells |
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Term
Oogamy and retention of egg
._______ distinctly different from ______ that remains of _____
. allows for more____ to be _____
.Zygote is the only........ in the...........(no ...........) |
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Definition
.small motile sperm distingtly differnet form than large egg that remains of the mother plant
.allows for more resources to be stored in egg, zygote, and spores formed from the zygote
.zygote is still the only diploid cell in the closest algal relative to embyrpotes- no multicellular diploid embryo |
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Term
| Major adaptations for Landin Embryophytes |
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Definition
.Waxy cutile
.Jacketed Cametangia
.Multicellular diploid life stage |
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Term
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Definition
| layer of wax matins water a lance inside cells during dry and wet periods |
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Term
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Definition
| artherida make sperm, Archegonia make egg; protected from desiccation by layer of tissue |
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Term
| Multicellular diploid life stage |
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Definition
| Meiosis delayed in Zygote; instead of immediately dividing into haploid spores, the zygote undergoes mitosis and becomes a multicelluar embryo |
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