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Phylogenetic Tree of Life
Exam 1 Material, Phylogenetic Tree of Life
16
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
05/10/2013

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Cards

Term

to be a cell, there must be...

Definition
  1. a membrane
  2. cytoplasm
  3. DNA
Term

virus cell organization

Definition
  • much smaller than bacteria, <100 nm
  • lacks a cytoplasm
  • made up of nucleic acid, within a protein capset
  • some have a membrane (not a cytoplasmic membrane)
Term

prokaryotic cellular organization

(bacteria/archaea)

Definition
  • avg size = 1 μm (some exceptions)
  • lack a nucleus
  • lack membrane bound organelles
  • Archaea have biphtanyl monolayer membranes
Term

eukaryotic cellular organization

Definition
  • much bigger, 10-500 μm
  • have a nucleus
  • have membrane bound organelles
  • diplomonads are a rare eukarya that lack mitochondria
Term

people who proposed EARLY phylogenetic trees

Definition
  • Linneaus
  • Haekkel
  • Whittaker
Term

who created the LATER phylogenetic tree

 

Definition

Woese 

Term

Linneaus

Definition
  • only used visual observations to classify (taxonomy) 
  • used Latin names
  • only have TWO kingdoms (microbes not discovered yet )
Term

Haekkel

Definition
  • invented the term "phylogeny," which defines the evolutionary history of a species
  • had a THREE kingdom tree
Term

Whittaker

Definition
  • used phylogeny
  • have a FIVE kingdom tree
Term

Woese

Definition
  • used molecular phylogeny, which uses ribosomal RNA sequences to determine evolutionary history
  • developed the current THREE kingdom tree: bacteria, archaea, eukarya
Term

organisms with photo-

Definition

energy source comes from the sun 

Term

organisms with chemolitho-

Definition

energy source comes from an inorganic chemical 

Term

organisms with chemoorgano- 

Definition

energy source from an organic chemical 

Term

organisms with -autotroph

Definition
  • carbon source comes from CO2
  • organic molecules are made
Term

organisms with -heterotroph

Definition
  • carbon source comes from other organic molecules 
Term

cynobacteria

Definition

were the first organisms that produced significant levels of oxygen 

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