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| uses hormones as a means of communication between tissues and organs in the body. |
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| host organ in the endocrine system that secretes minute quantities of hormones, allowing for communication within the body. |
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| minute quantities of chemical messengers secreted by glands that facilitate communication in the body. Alter the activity of "target cells" by changing either protein synthesis, rate of enzyme activity, or plasma membrane transport. |
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| chemical messenger that stimulates growth. Secreted from anterior pituitary gland, secretion increased by excercise, increases fat mobilization/use. |
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| include Epinephrine & Norepinephrine; secreted from the adrenal gland, they increase heart rate and heart muscle contraction force. Control aspects of blood flow to tissues and stimulate glycogen breakdown in muscle and fat breakdown (lipolysis) in fat cells. |
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| hormone released by Hypothalamus in response to emotional stress, trauma, infection, surgery, and physical exertion. Decreases amino acid transport into cells thus stimulating the breakdown of proteins. |
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| in response to stress, hypothalamus secretes a hormone that stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete ACTH hormone which then travels in the blood and induces the adrenal gland to release the hormone cortisol. |
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| hormone secreted from testes in men, promotes protein synthesis and muscle growth and is increased during excercise. It's conversion to estrogen provides men with protection of bone structure throughout life. |
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| hormone and antioxidant secreted from ovaries in women, increases blood flow via relaxation of blood vessels. Provides protection from heart disease progression and osteoporosis (pre-menopause). |
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| regulates metabolic rate. |
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| hormone secreted from the pancreas in response to food intake that stimulates insulin-sensitive tissues (skeletal muscle and adipose tissue) to take glucose from the blood, lowering blood glucose level and thus increasing glucose utilization. Also increases synthesis of fat and decreases during excercise. |
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Definition
| increases blood glucose and protein/fat breakdown. Increases at the onset of excercise, and in response to protein intake. |
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| mechanism used by the body to maintain a relatively stable internal environment that is regulated by the nervous, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems, allowing the body's systems to communicate. It is a dynamic balance in that the body adjusts to its environment through one's behavior and interaction with the environment. Disease can result from disruption of homeostasis. |
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Term
| Blood Glucose Regulation/Homeostasis |
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Definition
| homeostasis regulates blood glucose at normal levels which is significant because glucose is used by the brain for nervous system functions and is an important source of fuel for the body; obtained from carbohydrates in food. |
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| Blood Glucose Regulation/Homeostasis (process) |
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Definition
Normal intake: Food is consumed → causes blood glucose levels to increase → signals the pancreas to release insulin → which stimulates muscles to absorb glucose → thus decreasing blood glucose.
During fasting: No food consumed → causes pancreas to release glucagon → which stimulates release of glucose from liver → thus increasing/stabilizing blood glucose levels. |
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Term
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Definition
| hyper = glucose too high, occurs in diabetes. Hypo = glucose too low. |
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