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Phy Sci 5 Final
Obesity
9
Science
Undergraduate 1
12/04/2008

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Cards

Term

Obesity

Definition

- males >25%; females >30% body fat

- heart disease, hypertension, stroke, diabetes, gallstones, cancer, arthritis, skis disorders, mentrual irregularities

Term
changes in energy intake
Definition

- availability of inexpensive, palatable, energy dense foods

- increased portion sizes

- high fat intake

- increased refined sugar intake

- decreased fruit vegetable and fiber intake

Term

changes in energy expenditure

Definition

- decreased physical activity of daily living

- decreased leisure time physical activity

- increased sedentary behaviors

Term
android fat
Definition

- visceral, central fat

- fat localized in the upper body that more easily releases FFA with hormonal stimuli

- more risk of disease

- seen mostly in males

Term

Gynoid Fat

Definition

- gluteofemoral

- lower body fat

- more resistant to lipolytic stimuli, generally seen in females and stimulated by estrogen and progesterone

Term
Traditional view of Energy Balance
Definition

Stored Energy (glycogen, fat, body proteins) = energy in (food, alcohol) - energy out (basal metabolic rate, thermic effect of food, activity)

* equation is static because it does not take into account changes in metabolic rate that are ind of changes in body mass or decreases in energy expenditure that occur when caloric intake decreases

stored fat = fat in - fat out

Term
caloric restriction
Definition
- starvation: decrease in LBM and decrease in resting metabolic rate because of decrease in thyroid hormone levels
Term
Ketogenic Diets
Definition

- devoid of carbs and usually contain 60 to70% calories from fat

- theory: increase fat mobilization for energy induced by a reduction in insulin, prodution of ketones decrease appetite and are excreted in the urine

- increased risk of disease

Term
Diet-Induced Thermogenesis
Definition

- thermic effect on food: body uses energy to metabolize the energy consumed; metabolic rate is higher after a meal

- fat: thermic effect very small/body has easy time storing it

- protein/unrefined carbs: caloric expenditure increases as digestion and absorption and metabolism of food occurs

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