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| the force of attraction between all masses in the universe |
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| any object projected by any means that continues in motion as a trajectory |
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| a projectile or small body that orbits another body |
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| a circular orbit is an elliptic orbit with the eccentricity equal to 0 |
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| Kepler (an orbiting body as an ellipse, parabola, or hyperbola, which forms a two) orbit with the eccentricity greater than 0 and less than 1 |
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| the universe originated sometime between 10 billion and 20 billion years ago from the cataclysmic explosion of a small volume of matter at extremely high density and temperature |
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| the amount of ammter per unit volume |
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| the ratio of force to the area over which the force is distributed |
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Density = mass/volume
density equals mass over volume |
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pressure = force/area
pressure equals |
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| is the upward force that exerts on an immersed object. The net upward buoyancy force is equal to the magnitude of the weight of fluid displaced by the body. This force enables the object to float or at least seem lighter. |
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| caused by the weight of air |
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| a change in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid at rest is transmitted undiminished to all points in the fluid |
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| fluid mechanics. Still conserves energy. |
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| where the speed of a fluid increases, internal pressure in the fluid decreases |
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| hydraulics, a pen, wind or Force |
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| the total energy of all of its atoms and molecules |
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| tell how warm or cold an object is. Average kinetic energy per molecule in a substance |
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| coldest temperature theoretically possible. -273, 0K |
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| the thermal energy transferred from one substance to another due to a temperature difference between the 2 substances. Transfer of random motion |
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| quantity of heat required to change the temperature of a unit mass of the substance by 1 degree |
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| liquids expand more than solids with increases in temperature. Expand when hot. Contract when cooled |
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| occurs between particles and their immediate neighbors |
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| transfer by motion of a fluid |
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| form of heating by transfer of radiant energy in the form of electromagnetic waves |
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| whenever a substance changes its properties, or phase, energy is either given to the substance or taken away |
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| an object having a negative charge. Like charges repel. Opposite charges attract. |
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negatively charged molecule
Proton: positively charged molecule |
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| positively charged molecule |
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the force between two charged particles varies directly as the product of their charges and inversely as the square of the separation distance
F=kq1q2/d^2 |
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| inducing an opposite charge |
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| flow of electrons at a certain rate |
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| difference in electrical pressure. PROVIDES PUSH (force) V=potential energy/charge |
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| resisting the flow of electrons (ohm) |
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| resisting the flow of electrons (ohm) |
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the amount of a current in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage across the circuit and inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit
Current=voltage/resistance |
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the amount of a current in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage across the circuit and inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit
Current=voltage/resistance |
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| electrons flow in one direction |
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| electrons flow initially in one direction and then in the opposite |
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| any path which electrons can flow |
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| any path which electrons can flow |
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| devices and wires form branches each providing separate paths for electron flow |
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| form a single pathway for electron flow |
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| the rate of energy transfer or rate of doing work. Power=currentxvoltage |
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| distance from the midpoint to the crest or trough of the wave |
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| how frequent a vibration occurs f=waves/time |
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| the time it takes for a complete vibration period=time/wave |
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| the distance from one crest to another |
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| the speed which waves pass a particular point wave |
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| a wave in which the medium vibrates in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the wave travels. LIGHT |
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| a wave in which the medium vibrates in a direction parallel to the direction in which the wave travels. |
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| the bending of a wave through either a nonuniform medium or from one medium to another, caused by differences in wave speed. |
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| the setting up of vibrations in an object by a vibrating force |
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| a frequency at which an elastic object naturally tends to vibrate, so that minimum energy is required to produce a forced vibration or to continue vibrating at that frequency |
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| the response of a body when a forcing frequency matches its natural frequency |
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| the vibration of one wave causes one close to it to vibrate too |
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| the interval between one musical pitch and another with half or double its frequency |
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| the high or low of a note. pitch |
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| the pattern formed by a superposition of different sets of waves that produces mutual reinforcement in some places and cancelation in others |
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| a series of alternate reinforcements and cancelations produced by the interference of two waves of slightly different frequency, heard as a throbbing effect in sound waves |
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| the change in frequency of wave motion resulting from motion of the wave source or receiver |
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| the v-shaped wave produced by an object moving across a liquid surface at a speed greater than the wave speed |
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| the cone shaped wave created by an object moving at supersonic speed through a fluid |
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