Term
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Definition
| 1) Photosynthesis is the ability to use light energy to make carbohydrates. |
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Term
| Which cells can carry out photosynthesis? |
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Definition
| 1) Cells within the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts. |
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Term
| The site of aerobic respiration is __________. |
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Definition
| 1) The mitochondria (most eukaryotic cells) |
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Term
| The site of photosynthesis is __________. |
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Definition
| 1) The chloroplasts (some plant and algal cells) |
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Term
| The energy of a photon is __________ proportional to its wavelength. |
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Definition
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Term
Shorter wavelength = __________
Higher wavelength = __________ |
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Definition
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Term
Shorter wavelength = __________
Higher wavelength = __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| The electromagnetic spectrum ranges from __________ __________ to __________ and __________ __________ |
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Definition
1) Gamma rays
2) TV and radio waves |
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Term
| A __________ is a particle of light which excites an electron. |
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Definition
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Term
| When a photon of light energy strikes an atom or a molecule of which the atom is a part, the energy of the photon may push an electron to an orbital __________ from the nucleus (that is, a __________ energy level) |
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Definition
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Term
| An electron may return to __________ level by emitting a __________ energetic photon |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does photosynthesis requires visible light rather than some other radiation electromagnetic spectrum? |
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Definition
| 1) Radiation within wavelengths longer than those of visible light does not have enough energy to excite biological molecules; radiation within shorter wavelengths is too energetic and disrupts chemical bonds. |
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Term
| Radiation within wavelengths __________ than those of visible light does not have enough energy to __________ biological molecules. |
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Definition
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Term
| Radiation within __________ wavelengths is too __________ and disrupts chemical bonds. |
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Definition
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Term
| Chloroplasts are located within the __________ layer of the leaf. |
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Definition
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Term
| Chloroplasts are __________ bound (inner and outer) |
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Definition
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Term
| The inner membrane encloses a fluid filled region called the __________ which contains most of the enzymes required to produce __________. |
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Definition
1) Stroma
2) Carbohydrates |
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Term
| Suspended within the stroma is a system of membranes (interconnected, __________-sacs) called the __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Stacks of thylakoid sacs are called __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Chlorophyll is found within the __________ __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Chlorophyll absorbs light primarily in the __________ and __________ region of the visible spectrum; __________ light is not readily absorbed and is scattered or reflected. |
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Definition
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Term
| The structure of chlorophyll consists of a __________ __________ and a __________ side chain. |
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Definition
1) Porphyrin Ring
2) Hydrocarbon |
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Term
| The porphyrin ring __________ __________ and possesses __________ as its functional element, much like hemoglobin possesses __________ as its functional element. |
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Definition
1) Absorbs light
2) Magnesium
3) Iron |
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Term
| The hydrocarbon side chain makes the molecule __________ __________ and anchors __________ in the membrane. |
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Definition
1) Non Polar
2) Chlorophyll |
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Term
| Chlorophyll a's functional group is a __________ group. Chlorophyll a exhibits __________ __________ color and initiates the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Chlorophyll b's functional group is an __________ group. Chlorophyll b exhibits a __________-__________ color and is an accessory pigment that also participates in photosynthesis. |
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Definition
1) Aldehyde
2) Yellow-Green |
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Term
| Why do plant cells usually appear green? |
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Definition
| 1) The chlorophyll (green pigment) primarily reflects green wavelengths. |
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Term
| Does chlorophyll absorb green light? |
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Definition
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Term
| What pat of chlorophyll is responsible for absorbing light? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the hydrocarbon side chain? |
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Definition
| 1) The hydrocarbon side chain makes the molecule non-polar and anchors the chlorophyll in the membrane. |
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Term
| Which element is found at the center of the porphyrin ring? Compare this to the one found in the heme compound of hemoglobin. |
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Definition
1) Magnesium
2) The element found in the center of the heme compound of hemoglobin is Fe, or iron. |
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Term
| What functional group is found in chlorophyll a? |
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Definition
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Term
| What functional group is found in chlorophyll b? |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ are accessory pigments that are often reflect yellow or orange wavelengths. |
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Definition
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Term
| When carotenoids become excited, their energy is transferred to chlorophyll __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Carotenoids also __________ chlorophyll from excess light energy that could damage the photosynthetic components. |
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Definition
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Term
| A __________ measures absorbance. |
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Definition
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Term
| The action spectrum of photosynthesis does not parallel the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll identically, why? |
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Definition
| 1) Accessory pigments transfer some of the excitation energy produced by green light to the chlorophyll molecules. |
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Term
| Looking at the action spectrum, which color of light appears to contribute least to photosynthesis? |
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Definition
| 1) Green or yellow wavelengths (light) |
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Term
| An __________ __________ is a system composed of chlorophyll a & b accessory pigment molecules organized with pigment binding proteins in the thylakoid membrane. |
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Definition
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Term
| The __________ __________ is an area where chlorophyll molecules and proteins (including electron transfer components) participate directly in photosynthesis. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ __________ are chlorophyll a molecules with an absorption peak of 700nm |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ __________ are chlorophyll a molecules with an absorption peak of 680nm. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the location for light reactions? |
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Definition
| 1) The thylakoid membrane |
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Term
| What is the role of P700 (Photosystem I)? |
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Definition
| 1) Transfers electrons down the ETC so that NADP+ may become NADPH and ADP may become ATP. Electrons are replaced by Photosystem II (P680). |
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Term
| What is the role of P680 (Photosystem II)? |
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Definition
| 1) Transfers electrons down the ETC to so that NADP+ may become NADPH and ADP becomes ATP. Electrons are replaced through the photolysis of H20. |
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Term
| What is photolysis of water and why is it that the phrase is somewhat misleading? |
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Definition
| 1) The photolysis of water is the oxidation of water by a charged electron of P680 (Photosystem II) to form ATP. The phrase is somewhat misleading as it implies that water is split through light when the process actually occurs through the charged electron of P680 (Photosystem II). |
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Term
| Where do protons (H+) accumulate as water is split? |
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Definition
| 1) Within the thylakoid lumen |
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Term
| What is the role of ATP synthase? |
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Definition
| 1) To utilize the proton gradient of H+ to transform ADP to ATP. |
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Term
| In light reactions / cyclic electron transport, only __________ is involved and the pathway is cyclic as energized electrons from __________ inevitably return to __________. During this process, __________ is not split and no NADPH is formed. The significance of this process (cyclic electron transport) is unclear. |
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Definition
1) P700 (Photosystem I)
2) P700 (Photosystem I)
3) P700 (Photosystem I)
4) H2O |
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Term
| During the Calvin Cycle there is a __________ uptake in which __________ reacts with RuBP while being assisted by the enzyme __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A C3 pathway essentially asserts that the product of initial __________ __________ reaction is a __________ carbon compound |
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Definition
1) Carbon Fixation
2) Three (3) |
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Term
| ATP and __________ are used to convert __________ to G3P. |
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Definition
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Term
| The reaction of two G3P is __________ and leads to the formation of __________ or fructose. |
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Definition
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Term
| The __________ G3P that remain at the end of the Calvin Cycle through a series of reactions make __________ RuBP. |
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Definition
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Term
| The location for the Calvin Cycle is the __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of Rubisco? |
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Definition
| 1) CO2 reacts with RuBP due to Rubisco. |
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Term
| Why is the Calvin Cycle also known as a C3 pathway? |
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Definition
| The product of the cycle is a 3 carbon compound known as G3P. |
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Term
| Is the formation of glucose / fructose from 2 G3P exergonic or endergonic |
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Definition
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Term
| How many total C02 do you need for the Calvin Cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| C3 plants utilize oxygen to generate __________; however, they degrade Calvin Cycle intermediates and do not produce __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| On bright dry days __________ plants close their __________ to close water and prevent passage of CO2 into the leaf. |
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Definition
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Term
| The products of the light dependent reactions are: |
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Definition
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