Term
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Definition
| organisms produce glucose (food) from inorganic carbon (CO2) – occurs via light-dependent and carbon-fixation reactions that take place in chloroplasts of plants |
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Term
| Overall Reaction of Photosynthesis |
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Definition
6 CO2 + 12 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2
(note that this reaction is the opposite of the overall reaction for cellular respiration – it actually involves many reduction reactions/ addition of electrons/ building molecules by creating C-C and C-H bonds) |
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Term
| Structures involved in Photosynthesis |
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Definition
| Chloroplasts are organelles with two membranes - the inner membrane (= thylakoid membrane) forms stacks called grana of flattened sacs surrounded by a semifluid substance called the stroma; |
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Term
| Structures involved in Photosynthesis |
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Definition
| chlorophyll pigments are locatedwith in the thylakoid membrane in clusters called photosystems |
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Term
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Definition
| are particles of light energy |
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Term
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Definition
| are molecules that absorb that light energy |
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Term
| chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids |
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Definition
| are the main pigments involved in photosynthesis) – photons excite the electrons in pigments |
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Term
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Definition
| an antenna complex in which energy from sunlight is passed around between pigment molecules in the form of electron excitement and 2) a reaction center where an excited electron is passed to an electron acceptor outside of the photosystem – two different photsystems are both involved in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis (Photosystem II and Photosystem |
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Term
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Definition
| Step One: Light-dependent reactions (= capturing light energy and using it to make ATP and NADPH – occurs in the thylakoids |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Photosystem II = transfer of electrons to b6-f complex which creates a proton gradient used for the production of ATP via ATP synthase enzymes – ATP goes to the Calvin Cycle; the lost electron is replaced by splitting water |
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Term
| Steps of Photosynthesis:2b |
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Definition
| 2. Photsystem I = transfer of electrons to an enzyme that makes NADPH – NADPH goes to the Calvin Cycle; the lost electrons replaced by electrons fro Photosystem II |
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Term
| Step Two: Carbon fixation reactions/ Calvin Cycle, also known as ‘dark reactions’ (= using 18 ATP and 12 NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to synthesize glucose from CO2 – occurs in stroma): 1. |
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Definition
| 1. Carbon fixation step combines 6 5-carbon RuBP with 6 CO2 to make 12 3-carbon PGA molecules |
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Term
| Carbon fixation reactions/ Calvin Cycle 2. |
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Definition
| 2. 12 3-carbon PGA are reduced to 12 3-carbon G3P (requires 12 ATP and 12 NADPH) |
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Term
| Carbon fixation reactions/ Calvin Cycle |
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Definition
| 3. 10 3-carbon G3P regenerate 6 5-carbon RuBP (recycled) and 2 3-carbon G3P (leave the cycle) |
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Term
| Carbon fixation reactions/ Calvin Cycle--3 |
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Definition
| 3. 10 3-carbon G3P regenerate 6 5-carbon RuBP (recycled) and 2 3-carbon G3P (leave the cycle) |
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Term
| : Carbon fixation reactions/ Calvin Cycle: 4 |
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Definition
| 4. 2 3-carbon G3P combine in the cytoplasm to form 1 6-carbon glucose |
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