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| living things that are able to make their own food without using organic molecules derived from any other living thing. |
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| Autotrophs that use the energy of light to produce organic molecules.Most plants, algae and other protists, and some prokaryotes are photoautotrophs. |
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| organelles consisting of photosynthetic pigments, enzymes, and other molecules grouped together in membranes |
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an important light absorbing pigment in chloroplasts, is responsible for the green color of plants
Chlorophyll plays a central role in converting solar energy to chemical energy |
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| the green tissue in the interior of the leaf |
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| tiny pores in the leaf that allow carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen to exit |
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| the dense fluid within the chloroplast |
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| A system of interconnected membranous sacs that segregates the stroma from another compartment, the thylakoid space |
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| Thylakoids are concentrated in stacks |
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light energy is converted in the thylakoid membranes to chemical energy and O2
Water is split to provide the O2 as well as electrons |
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| It is a cyclic series of reactions that builds sugar molecules from CO2 and the products of the light reactions |
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| During the Calvin cycle, CO2 is incorporated into organic compounds |
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| the full range of electromagnetic wavelengths |
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| the distance between the crests of two adjacent waves |
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| a fixed quantity of light energy, and the shorter the wavelength, the greater the energy |
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| absorbs blue violet and red light and reflects green |
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| absorbs blue and orange and reflects yellow-green |
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| absorb mainly blue-green light and reflect yellow and orange |
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| light-harvesting complexes surrounding a reaction center complex |
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| which functions first, is called P680 because its pigment absorbs light with a wavelength of 680 nm |
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| which functions next, is called P700 because it absorbs light with a wavelength of 700 nm |
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| the chemiosmotic production of ATP in photosynthesis |
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| Rubisco adds oxygen instead of carbon dioxide to RuBP and produces a two-carbon compound Unlike photosynthesis, photorespiration produces no sugar, and unlike respiration, it produces no ATP |
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| Gases in the atmosphere (often called greenhouse gases), including CO2, reflect heat back to Earth, keeping the planet warm and supporting life However, as we increase the level of greenhouse gases, Earth’s temperature rises above normal, initiating problems |
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The extraordinary rise in CO2 is mostly due to the combustion of carbon-based fossil fuels
The consequences of continued rise will be melting of polar ice, changing weather patterns, and spread of tropical disease |
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