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Definition
| molecule that absorbs light |
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| reactions of photsynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH |
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| region outside the thylakoid membrane |
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| principal pigment found in plants |
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| process by which plants and some other organsims use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches |
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| amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius |
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| first step in releasing the energy of glucose, in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid |
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| process that releases energy by breaking down glucoose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen |
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| (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)electron carrier involved in glycolysis |
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| process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen |
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| process that does not reqire oxygen |
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| process that requires oxygen |
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| second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions |
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| a series of proteins in which the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are used to convert ADP into ATP |
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| important in baking bread |
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| pyruvic acid + NADH ---> alcohol + CO2 + NAD+ |
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| builds up in muscles after a few seconds of intense activity |
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| pyruvic acid + NADH ---> lactic acid + NAD+ |
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| requires oxygen and glucose. and produces 2 ATP molecules and pyruvic acid |
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| almost the opposite process of photosynthesis, the reason why runners breathe heavily after a race |
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| the net energy gain in glycolysis |
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| causes a painful, burning sensation in muscles after vigorous exercise |
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| in plants, a thcik, waxy layer on exposed outer surfaces of cells that protects them against water loss and injury |
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| cell that makes up the dermal tissue, which is the outer covering of a plant |
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| layer of tall, column-shaped mesophyll cells just under the upper epidermis |
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| loose tissue beneath the palisade layer of a leaf; has many air spaces between its cells |
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| opening in the underside of a leaf that allows carbon dioxide and oxygen to diffuse into and out of the leaf |
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| specialized cell in the epidermis of plants that controls the opening and closing of stomata by responding to changes in water pressure |
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| specialized ground tissue that makes up the bulk of most leaves; performs most of a plant's photosynthesis; largest concentration of chloroplasts |
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| carbon dioxide and oxygen |
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Definition
| two gases found in the air space |
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| what happens if sugars are pushed out of the guard cell |
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Definition
| the guard cell would be hypotonic, tissue hypertonic water, "sucked out" and tiny guard cells close the stomata |
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Term
| Kreb's cycle and the electron transport chain |
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Definition
| two stpes in cellular respiration |
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| requires oxygen and complex organsims harves energy using _____. |
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| helps plants with gas exchange |
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| organsims that can make their own food are ____. |
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| CO2+H2O+light energy___> glucose+O2+H2O |
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Definition
| the sugar produced in this reaction contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, what molecule was the source of these |
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| glycolysis, cytoplasm, pyruvic acid |
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Definition
| to harvest the energy in the sugar, it must first be split in half in a process called____ which occurs in the ____ and yields two molecules calle ___. |
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| how many ATP are required to start glycolysis |
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| bakers use the alcoholic version of this procc because in addition to ethanol, it produces ___. |
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| simmply organisms like bacteria continue the energy harvest using ____ whic does not require oxygen |
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| 6O2 + C6H12O6--->6CO2 + 6H20 + energy |
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