One of the “Great Photographers”

American

Portrait

Fashion

Culturally

Social Issues

Natural Disasters

Science

War and Art

Not typically because a painting is an interpretation of an image. 

A photograph captures the reality

Yes they can.

The ruins of Guernica in 1937 resemble the ruins of the Twin Towers at Ground Zero in 2001.

Documentary

Known for Boxers, 1929 [image]

Bricklayer, 1928 [image] 

Soldier (Soldat), 1940 

[image]

Portrait Photographer

Pioneer Victorian Photographer

Most influential figures from the early days of portrait photography

Ophelia, Study no.2, 1867

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Herschel, 1867

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Portraits

• German Documentary Photographer - everyday life

• Strong imagery that would change the views of others all B&W

• 1st Woman Photographer

• Celebrity portraits, heroic themes.

• Sepia toned

• Portraits are considered among the finest of the early history of photography

- Conceptual (with and without controversy)

- Installation - set ups

- Social Documentary

- Documentary

- Pictorialism

- Candid 

• Brazilian, social documentary photographer/photojournalist

• Subjects are of people mostly children and old people

• Photographs people at work showcases the anonymous masses of people, who break their backs day in and day out for a simple wage.

• he doesn’t use any techniques just straight and detailed images some have called his images as “clear-cut hard edged power

• He was a French Photographer.

• Father of PhotoJournalism. Master of Candid Photography. He developed “street photography”

• He was asked “what makes great composition?” he replied “Geometry.”

• 3 things he is known for accomplishing in his images: figure to Ground Relationship, Finding a Likeness, Shadow Play, Waiting not Hunting and Diagonals

• he was influenced by the Surrealists, they loved to combine two things that could never exist together.

• known for it’s fine detail

• greater range of tones than etchings and engravings

• 3D qualities

• on a mirrored like silver surface

What is Hyposulphite of soda or "HYPO"? 

Who invented it?

Hyposulphite of soda or ‘HYPO’ is used to fix the image

Sir John Herschel invented it

• to ensure photography was a viable art form

• combination printing

• use of soft focus in the camera

• manipulation of the negative scratching or painting over the negative

• Gum Bichromate process which greatly lessened the detail and produced a more artistic image

• is to create a composite by using a number of photographs by cutting and joining them together.

• the final composite image was sometimes re-photographed (copied) so that the image looked seamless 

• today we can use photoshop 

• British inventor

• photography pioneer who invented the Calotype process

Comes from the Greek word for ‘beauty’ = Beautiful Print

• similar to the Daguerrotype but the Calotype produced a negative from which many prints could be made.

• Both were American and both were influential Photographers of their time.

• Irving Penn mostly B&W and Gertrude Kasebier was more sepia toned.

• Gertrude Kasebier is more formal in her portraits.

• Both documented groups of people.

They were pictorialist 

Levinthal mimicked Cameron

Pictorialist

Black and White

 American Conceptual Artist  

Much of her work consists of black and white photographs

The photographs all contain captions in white on red Futura Bold Oblique or Helvetica Ultra Condensed.

 Portraits/celebrity portrait photography

 Books

 Medicine •

Recording Events and Death

 New way of viewing the images

 In London England 1841, Richard Beard opened the first Daguerreotype studio which was licensed to the public

 The portraits used available light usually from a skylight and reflectors were used to direct the light more on the features of the sitter.

Produced by two cameras spaced to mimic a pair of binoculars.

The viewer could see the image overlapped and 3D.

Still using Daguerreotype process made them rich with detail.

The “carte-de-visite” was a small portrait photograph. Originally intended to go on the back of a regular visiting card.

The carte-de-visite” also known as the “card photograph” in the U.S. Similar to the Stereograph camera it had more than one lens, the “carte-de-visite” camera was able to photograph eight different images of the sitter - which would later be exposed on one photographic plate.

Canadian Artist

Known for his large scale back lit cibachrome photographs

Simulates continuous tone imagery through the use of dots, varying either in size, in shape or in spacing, thus generating a gradient like efect

Optical illusion—that these tiny halftone dots are blended into smooth tones by the human eye

1960s, plastic-bodied inexpensive box camera using 120 roll film and 35 mm film

-low-quality plastic lens has been celebrated for its artistic efects in photographs, normally resulting in a slightly blurred composition that can provide a 'dreamlike' quality to the print

Created in 1851, by Frederic Scott Archer

 Also known as the Wet Plate Process where you use glass plates were sensitized with a light and sticky substance known as collodion mixed with silver salts.

 By 1860 it replaced both the Daguerreotype and the Calotype

 Once wet it would be placed in the camera for the exposure hence the “wet plate process” name as well. 

Invented by Desire Blanquart-Evrard

 He coated the light sensitive paper with whey and albumen which is derived from milk and eggs and then coated with silver nitrate solution.

 The sensitive paper was placed under a negative and exposed

 The key of it’s invention was it could be prepared ahead of time which led to it’s high demand and it’s ease of use.

Mathew B. Brady 

Alfred Stieglitz

He was an American Photographer known for his portraits of celebrities and the documentation of the American Civil War.

 He was credited with being the father of photojournalism

His celebrity photography became his bread and butter.

He photographed distinguished American figures in law, government, business, society and the arts.

Before the Civil war he had photographed over 10,000 photographs of celebrities, mostly Americans.

American Photographer and modern art promoter

“The Father of Modern Photography”

Spent most of his career making photography an acceptable art form

His primary role for fostering new talent

Married to the famous painter Georgia O’Keefe who he photographed often.

He was an inventor and philanthropist

Eastman patented the first film in a roll form in 1884 established the Eastman Kodak Company in Rochester New York it was the first firm to mass produce photography equipment

Outstanding philanthropists of his time. He donated more than $75 million to various projects.

He committed suicide in his final years from depression due to what we would call spinal stenosis today. He left a note which read, “My work is done. Why wait?”

Inexpensive, images were on thin sheets of iron

Lightweight and easy to send through the mail.

Fixed focus lens, and no viewfinder The No. 1 Kodak was loaded with American film with 100 exposures.

Once you used up all your exposures the entire camera was sent back to the company in Rochester where the prints were developed and the camera re-loaded.

Thomas Edison patents the Kinetoscopic Camera.

The Roll Film supplied by George Eastman allows the viewer to see movement by turning a handle on the camera.

First called ‘peepshows’, then later it was called Nickelodeons.

Eadward Muybridge wanted to solve the old age question of horse experts and painters.

Do all four legs of the horse leave the ground when the horse moves quickly? (Yes they do)

He lined a raceway with 15 foot sheeting.

Lines were drawn every 21 inches with cotton threads as the horse rushed past the hooves tripped the shutters on 12 cameras. 

Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen a Dutch-German physicist.

Used photography and electricity and a cathode ray tube which beamed an image on a screen.

He would call it ‘X’ or unknown ray.

He soon discovered that the rays could pass through the human body except where they were absorbed by the calcium in bones.

Came about in 1900

were against pictorialism

thought there were too few real pictures

and too much trash

they thought of Photography as an Art but stuck to sharp focus and no hand working on the negative or the prints

Steichen studied Art and Photography after the War returned to the US to open a portrait studio

In his work he focused on design and powerful contrasts. 

Early 20th Century movement that promoted photography as a fine art and photographic pictorialism in particular.

Led by Alfred Stieglitz and F. Holland Day

1st major modern art movement

it only lasted 1903-1908

the founder father was Henri Matisse

painted pleasure, joy and comfort

never painted subjects in their natural colour.

began by Picasso

key concept the only essence of an object can be showed from multiple points of view simultaneously

Braque.

Anti war, anti middle class, anti rich, concentration was war politics,

the purpose was to ridicule the meaningless of the modern world

Italian art , passionate loathing for everything old and practised every median of art.

Close to cubism

Born in New York, NY

 Georgetown University B.A. Washington D.C.

 2004 received the Aaron Siskind Foundation Fellowship Grant

 Known for his candid and situational photography

The image or photograph must be candid

 the context of the situation must be clearly established

 the background behind every subject in a series must be the same

 the photographer must always be visible to the subject(s) in the photograph

 the moments the images are to be taken must be defined before the pictures are taken

 secondary image(s) can be attached to the primary image if needed to clarify an established context

the camera should not play a visible role in the situation unless its visible presence has a role in that scenario

Made from the salts of platinum and palladium, these prints are also called “platinotypes” or “platinum” prints.

Platinum and palladium are noble metals on the Periodic Table and are resistant to oxidation.

The platinum salt emulsion is imbedded into the fiber of the paper during the printing process.

A platinum print is made by placing the negative and emulsion-coated paper in direct contact. Therefore, the size of the photographic print is equal to the size of the negative.

Provide the greatest tonal range of any other printing method.

A technique for displaying a representation of a cross section through a human body or other solid object using X-rays or ultrasound

• ‘tomos’ - means “a section”

• images that are created in sections.

• the final image is in 3D

• used in a number of sciences

Also called silkscreen process. a printmaking technique in which a mesh cloth is stretched over a heavy wooden frame and the design, painted on the screenby tusche or affixed by stencil, is printed by having a squeegee force color through the pores of the material in areas not blocked out by a glue sizing.

• printmaking process

• a stencil is made on silk or a synthetic textile tightly stretched over a frame.

• can be adapted to photography

• your image is imprinted on the textile and you can adjust your colors.

• during or after the print has been made

• treat the print with a chemical solution

• it creates a soft overall color ranging from light gold to sepia 

 Invention of ‘Pop Art’ Movement

Known for his collage paintings and installations

Used computers assoon as it was possible to manipulate his collages.

Photography exhibition by Edward Steichen, 1955.

503 photos by 273 photographers

Snapshots of human experiences from birth, love, joy, war, poverty, illness and death.

To show our versatility and the role of photography as documentation.

Was known for his Pictorialist work he emphasized design and powerful graphic contrasts.

• He experimented with colour photography

• The process at the time was called the Autochrome process.

• The Autochrome process produced muted colours and had a pebbled surface which was perfect for the Pictorialist quality of images.