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Photo Identification: Rock types
Identifying various rock types based on their features
26
Geology
11th Grade
10/10/2013

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Cards

Term
[image]
Definition

GRANITE

 

Coarse-grained: Intrusive Igneous Rock/Plutonic Rock

Lighter colour: Acidic Rock

Grain types: Feldspar (pink), Quartz (milky white), Mica (Black)

Term
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Definition

RHYOLITE

 

Fine-grained: Extrusive Igneous Rock/Volcanic Rock

Lighter colour: Acidic Rock

Milky-white colour: Made of Quartz

Term
[image]
Definition

TUFF

 

Fine-grained: Extrusive Igneous Rock/Volcanic Rock

Lighter colour: Acidic Rock

Term
[image]
Definition

GABBRO

 

Coarse-grained: Intrusive Igneous Rock/Plutonic Rock

Darker colour: Basic Rock

Term
[image]
Definition

PUMICE

 

Fine-grained: Extrusive Igneous Rock/Volcanic Rock

Lighter colour: Acidic Rock

Porous texture: Release of gases during cooling

Term
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Definition

OBSIDIAN

 

Fine-grained: Extrusive Igneous Rock/Volcanic Rock

Lighter colour: Acidic Rock

Glassy texture and translucent surface: Absence of individual mineral crystals (very rapid cooling)

Term
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Definition

BASALT

 

Fine-grained: Extrusive Igneous Rock/Volcanic Rock

Darker colour: Basic Rock

Dark green colour

Term
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Definition

CONGLOMERATE

 

Rounded rock fragments cemented together: Clastic sedimentary rock

Term
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Definition

BRECCIA

 

Angular rock fragments cemented together: Clastic sedimentary rock

Term
[image]
Definition

SANDSTONE

 

Medium-grained quartz particles (sand) cemented together: Clastic sedimentary rock

Term
[image]
Definition

SILTSTONE

 

Fine-grained particles (silt) cemented together: Clastic sedimentary rock

Term
[image]
Definition

SHALE

 

Fine-grained particles (clay) cemented together: Clastic sedimentary rock

Term
[image]
Definition

ROCK SALT

 

Coarse-grained: Chemically-formed non-clastic sedimentary rock

Evaporation from salt water body

Term
[image]
Definition

GYPSUM/p>

 

Coarse-grained: Chemically-formed non-clastic sedimentary rock

Long fibrous texture: Gypsum

Chemical precipitation of calcium sulphate

Found in mineral-rich solutions (water from hot springs)

Term
[image]
Definition

PEAT

Partially altered plant material

First stage in coal formation

Term
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Definition

LIGNITE/BROWN COAL

Formed by burying and compressing dead vegetation: Non-clastic sedimentary rock

Term
[image]
Definition

BITUMINOUS COAL/BLACK COAL

Formed by burying and compressing dead vegetation: Non-clastic sedimentary rock

Term
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Definition

CHALK

Formed from remains of shells and skeletons of marine organisms

Tiny particles of calcium carbonate

Non-clastic sedimentary rock

Term
[image]
Definition

LIMESTONE

Formed from remains of shells and skeletons of marine organisms

Tiny particles of calcium carbonate

Non-clastic sedimentary rock

Term
[image]
Definition

SLATE

Foliated structure: Metamorphic rock by regional/dynamic metamorphosis

Fine-grained: Slate

Metamorphosed from shale, siltstone, mudstone

Term
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Definition

PHYLLITE

Foliated structure: Metamorphic rock by regional/dynamic metamorphosis

Fine-grained: Phyllite

Metamorphosed from slate

Term
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Definition

SCHIST

Foliated structure: Metamorphic rock by regional/dynamic metamorphosis

Medium-to-coarse-grained: Schist

Metamorphosed from phyllite

Term
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Definition

GNEISS

Foliated structure: Metamorphic rock by regional/dynamic metamorphosis

Coarse-grained: Gneiss

Metamorphosed from granite or schist

Term
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Definition

ANTHRACITE

Non-foliated structure: Metamorphic rock by contact/thermal metamorphosis

Fine-grained: Anthracite

Metamorphosed from bituminous coal

Term
[image]
Definition

QUARTZITE

Non-foliated structure: Metamorphic rock by contact/thermal metamorphosis

Medium-grained: quartzite

Metamorphosed from sandstone

Term
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Definition

MARBLE

Non-foliated structure: Metamorphic rock by contact/thermal metamorphosis

Medium-grained: marble

Metamorphosed from limestone

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