Term
| what are many phospholipids composed of? |
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Definition
| 1,2 diaglycerol, phophodiester bond that links it to polar group |
|
|
Term
| what is the polar group of phospholipids usually? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| where is cardiolipin abundant? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| a number of proteins are tethered to membrane by what? |
|
Definition
| covalently linked lipids such as phosphatidylinositol |
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Term
phosphatidylinositol is attached to a glycan, what is the glycan attached to?
what is the name of the protein that facilitates this |
|
Definition
| carboxyl terminus. ethanolamine |
|
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Term
| what catalyzes hydrolysis of the phosphate/inositol bond |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is deficient in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria |
|
Definition
| lack of the protein decay acclerating factor that inactivates a hemolytic component formed during complement activation. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the difference between plasmalogens and phospholipids? |
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Definition
| plasmalogens are an ether linked alchenyl instead of an ester on phospholipids |
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|
Term
| these comprise 50% of the total phospholipids in the heart? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the structure of platelet activating factor? |
|
Definition
| ether lipid with an O-alkyl group at sn1 and acetyl group at sn2 position |
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Term
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Definition
| mediating hypersensitivity, acute inflammatory rxns, allergic rspn and shock |
|
|
Term
| what provokes release of PAF in hypersensitive individuals? |
|
Definition
| exposure to the antigen and formation of Ig complexes on the leukocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Platelet aggregation, edema, and hypotension |
|
|
Term
| what is important to aid in solubilizing cholesterol? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| impaired production of phospholipids in bile can lead to the formation of |
|
Definition
| cholesterol and bile pigment gall stones |
|
|
Term
| what type of phospholipid is PAF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this is a surfactant component |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of surfactant? |
|
Definition
| decreases surface tension of the fluid layer and prevents lung collapse |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in addition to lecitin, what phospholipids do surfactant contain |
|
Definition
| phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surfactant insufficiency in people whose cells have been destroyed due to chemo |
|
|
Term
| how can the maturity of the fetal lung be assessed? |
|
Definition
| from the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in amniotic fluid |
|
|
Term
| when the L/S ratio is less than 1.5 what is the % risk of RDS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the intermediates in the synthesis of phospholipids? |
|
Definition
| phosphatidic acid and diaglycerol |
|
|
Term
| how is phosphatidylcholine synthesized? |
|
Definition
| the addition of phosphocholine to diaglycerol |
|
|
Term
| what converts phosphocholine to CDP choline? |
|
Definition
| phosphocholinecytidyltransferase |
|
|
Term
| this is the rate limiting in phosphatidylcholine synthesis? |
|
Definition
| phosphocholinecytidiyl transferase |
|
|
Term
| where is phosphocholine cytidyltransferase active? inactive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is phosphocholine cytidyltransferase activated? |
|
Definition
| cAMP dependent phosphorylation and DE-phosphorylation of fatty acyl CoA |
|
|
Term
| in the liver, what is phosphatidylcholine derived by |
|
Definition
| repeated methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine |
|
|
Term
| in SAM, what is involved in the synthesis of membrane lipids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in PAPS, what is involved in membrane lipid synthesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the pathway in the synthesis of phosphatidylenthanolamine |
|
Definition
| CDP-ethanolamine-->diaglycerol-->phosphatidylethanolamine (requires ATP) |
|
|
Term
| how is phosphatidylserine formed? |
|
Definition
| base exchange on phosphatidylethanolamine |
|
|
Term
| how is phoshatidylserine converted back to ethanolamine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the surfactant component dipalmitoyllecithin acts by two mechanisms which are? |
|
Definition
sn1-palmitoyllysolecithin + palmitoyl CoA (direct acylation)
sn1 Pal (exhchange pathway) which gives off a glycerolphosphocholine |
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|
Term
| IP3 binds to a receptor where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the intial enzyme that catalyzes removal of IP3 and DAG? |
|
Definition
3 kinase-IP3
diacylglycerol kinase- DAG |
|
|
Term
| what is phosphatidylinositol synthesized from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the function of phospholipase A1 and A2 |
|
Definition
| remove FA so that it can be replaced by another in phospholipid synthesis |
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