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Definition
| An alternative high and low pressure. These pressure changes more through the air like ripples on a pond. |
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Definition
Auditory realisation on sound waves
perceptual correlate of frequency |
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How many cycles of a wave movement will be completed in a given time.
Cycles per second: Hertz (Hz)
Physical property of sound waves. |
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| any whole-number multiple of the fundamental frequency. |
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| the frequency of the lowest component of sound or over all frequency of vibration. |
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| The amount of variation in ari pressure from normal. |
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Intensity is perceived as loudness, derived from the energy input.(amplitude and frequency)
dB scale is a ratio scale (logarithmic)
0 dB: threshold of hearing
30 dB: a quiet whipser
60 dB: conversation
120 dB : threshold of pain |
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Definition
one system/body being set into motion by the vibrations of another.
the selective absorption and reinforcement of sound energies, which create the characterists quality of certain speech sounds. |
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Definition
a symmertic approximation to the normalized response of a resonant circuit. |
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Definition
| The frequency spectrum of a speech sound is a description of the frequencies of which it is composed and their relative amplitudes. |
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Definition
| analysis of speech sound in terms of frequency (cycles per second), intensity (energy, amplitude and frequency) and temporal characteristics. |
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Definition
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Definition
| the natural virbratory response of an object, which is dependant upon mass tension and stiffness of that object |
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Definition
| when one object sets another object into vibration |
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Definition
| the visual display of an acoustic analysis; frequency is displayed on the vertical axis, duration on the horizontal axis and intensity is noted by the darkness of the tracings. |
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Term
| velopharyngeal machanism (closure) |
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Definition
| the structures and muscles of the velum (soft palate) and those of the pharyngeal walls coming together to produce closure |
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Definition
a branch of phonetics tat documents the transmission properties of speech sounds. professionals specializing in acoustic phonetics study sounds in form of sound waves that travel through the air from a speaker to a listener
physical properties of sound |
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Term
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Definition
branch of phonetics that examines production features of speech sounds. professionals specializing in articulatory phonectics are primarily concerned with how the different speech sounds are generated; they describe and classify speech sounds according to parameters of their actual production.
how the vocal tract produces speech sounds |
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Definition
| how listeners perceive sounds |
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Definition
| the term for consonant sounds which are articulated in the same position or place of articulation in the mouth |
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Definition
| pitch changes to signal syntactic information |
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Term
| velaric airstream mechanism |
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Definition
| used to produce clicks, a click is produced when the vaccum is released by lowering one part of the tongue. |
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Term
| glottalic airstream mechanism |
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Definition
| a body of air in the vocal tract which can move up or down |
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Definition
interval between release of closure and start of voicing
negative VOT: voiced plosive |
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| characteristic phonetic features |
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Definition
| linguistic variety distinguishable by linguistic features (vocab, phonology and morphology) |
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articulated with both lips
eg. [b], [p] nd [m] |
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Definition
articulated with lips and teeth
eg. [f] [v] |
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Definition
articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge
eg. [t], [d], [ð] [l] and [θ] |
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Term
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Definition
articulation of the frount of the tongue towards the area between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate.
[ʃ], [ʒ], [r] and [j] |
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Definition
articulated by putting the back part of the tongue against the soft palate.
eg [k], [g], [ŋ] and [w] |
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Term
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Definition
formed by obstructing airflow, causing increased air pressure in the vocal tract
eg. plosives [b], affricates |
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Term
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Definition
speech sounds that are produced with a relatively open vocal tract, creating a resonant quality of the sound.
more acoustic energy, frictionless.
eg. vowels, nasals and approximants |
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Term
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Definition
a speech sound that acts as the nucleus of a syllable.
eg. nasals, vowels and sometimes lateral approximant [l] |
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Definition
| not able to form a syllable or a nucleus of a syllable |
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Definition
a type of consonant in which the vocal tract is not completely blocked but rather a continuous flow of air is achieved.
eg. vowels, fricatives, nasals and approximants |
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Definition
| a gliding vowel, two adjacent vowel sounds occuring within the same syllable |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/ and /g/ |
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Definition
| /f/, /v/, /θ/, /ð/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/ and /h/ |
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Definition
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Definition
liquids and glides
/j/, /l/, /w/, and /r/ |
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Definition
| word pairs with only one difference |
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Definition
| a puff of air that is created when increased air pressure is released. aspiration occurs due to a greater build-up of pressure within the oral cavity during certain voiceless stop-plosive production |
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Definition
variations in phoneme realization that do not change the meaning of word when they are produced in various contexts.
two phonetic variants, predictable by a rule, dont change word meaning |
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Definition
| two allophones of one phoneme that could be exchanged for one another in similar contexts. |
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| complimentary distribution |
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Definition
| two allophones of a phoneme that cannot normally replace one another, as they occur in mutually exclusive contexts |
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Definition
phonetic: narrow transription, includes specific production features of actual concrete production; [square brackets]
Phonemic: broad transcription, based on phoneme system of particular language; /slash brackets/ |
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Definition
smallest unit that can distinguish owrd meaning
(are language specific) |
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Definition
| the object vibrates itself |
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Definition
| container filled with air set into vibration |
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Definition
| certain syllables are more prominent than others in pronounciation. rhythm is derived from the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. |
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Definition
| equal number of syllables between each two stressed syllables |
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Definition
equal amount of tim between each two stressed syllables irrespective of number of syllables
'isochronous' |
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Definition
| syllable length is considered a prosodic aspect even though it relates to consonant and vowel length |
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Term
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Definition
| at segment boundaries, segments become more similar taking on eachothers features |
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Definition
| a low to mid lax vowel are realized at a higher tenser placement |
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Definition
| systematic changes in vowel systems in which the vowels shift in respect to thier articulatory features. |
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Definition
dropping the sound at the end of a word
the ommission of a syllable-arresting consonant |
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Definition
| the omission of an unstressed syllable |
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Definition
| a sound segment modifies a following sound |
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Definition
| a sound segment modifies a preceding sound |
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| sounds by which he airstream is create by pushing air out throguh the mouth or nose |
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Definition
same as ingressive
taking in of air through the mouth and nose???
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Term
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Definition
| ingressive velaric airstream? |
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Definition
Two vowels merging together
near square |
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Term
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Definition
| The /k/ and /g/ sounds are articulated by making contact between the back of the tongue and the velum or soft palate. Sometimes children produce these sounds as /t/ and /d/ respectively, making contact between the front of the tongue and the alveolar ridge just behind the front teeth. Children with velar fronting may pronounce can't as tan't orgoose as doose. |
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Term
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Definition
| two semi-rigid articulators brought sharply together |
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Definition
| nasal escape, typical with cleft palate |
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Definition
| the insertion of a sound in the middle of a word |
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