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Phonetics
Terminology
34
Science
Undergraduate 2
05/29/2012

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Term
Phonetics vs. Phonology
Definition
Phonetics: production of speech sounds by humans.
Phonology: patterns of sounds, particularly patterns different languages, within each language, different patterns of sounds in different positions in words etc.
Term
Phone vs. Phoneme
Definition
Phone: 'unit sound' of a language that we produce.
Phoneme: 'distinctive unit sounds', not pronounceable but an abstract segment.
Term
Fundamental Frequencies
Definition
Frequency of the lowest component of the sound, determined by vocal fold vibration.
Term
Harmonics
Definition
Any whole number multiple of the Fundamental Frequency.
Term
Pitch
Definition
Perceptual correlate of frequency.
[Double frequency, raise pitch by one octave]
Term
Periodic vs. Aperiodic Waveform
Definition
Periodic: Follows a set pattern
Aperiodic: No pattern
Term
Amplitude
Definition
The amount of variation in air pressure from normal.
Term
Intensity
Definition
Derived from energy input, combination of frequency and amplitude.
Term
Loudness
Definition
Perceptual correlate of intensity.
Term
Resonance
Definition
One system set in motion by vibrations of another.
Term
Resonant Frequency
Definition
The natural frequency that a body will vibrate at.
Term
Free Vibration
Definition
The driven force is struck, then the driving force is removed, allowing the driven force to vibrate freely.
Term
Forced Vibration
Definition
The driving force remains on the driven force, forcing it to continue vibrating.
Term
Mechanical Resonator
Definition
The actual object resonating is itself set into motion.
Term
Acoustic Resonator
Definition
A space filled with air is set into vibration.
Term
Frequency Spectrum
Definition
Description of its composition of frequencies and relative amplitudes.
Term
Formant Frequency
Definition
Most acoustic energy, F1 and F2 most important for vowels.
Term
Sound Spectography
Definition
Analysis of sound by its characteristics of frequency and amplitude.
Term
Spectogram
Definition
Picture produced by sound spectography.
Time: horizontal axis
Frequency: vertical axis
Intensity: darkness of marking
Term
Velopharyngeal Closure
Definition
Velum closing off the nasal cavity.
Term
Acoustic Phonetics
Definition
Physical properties of sound waves.
Term
Auditory Phonetics
Definition
Speech perception.
Term
Articulatory Phonetics
Definition
Speech production.
Term
Cul-de-sac Resonance
Definition
Resonance in oral and nasal cavity, but oral cavity is closed.
Term
Homorganic
Definition
In the same place.
Term
Well's Lexical Sets
Definition
Set way to pronounce vowels across English dialects.
Term
Syllable/Stress-timed Language
Definition
Syllable: equal number of syllables between each two stressed syllable
Stress: equal amount of time between each two stressed syllables irrespective of number of syllables
Term
Intonation
Definition
Suprasegmental feature (pitch change) across speech
Term
Tone Language
Definition
Tone is used contrastively. I.e. Mandarin: ma^, ma* = different meanings.
Term
Velaric Airstream Mechanism
Definition
Body of air in the mouth moves.
Term
Glottalic Airstream Mechanism
Definition
Body of air at glottis that can be egressive or ingressive, produced by a glottal stop.
Term
Voice Onset Time
Definition
Onset of 'voiced-ness' of a vowel after a consonant.
Term
Accent
Definition
Characteristic phonetic features.
Term
Dialect
Definition
Linguistic variety distinguishable by linguistic features(vocab, phonology, morphosyntax).
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