Term
| Distinguish between terbutaline, albuterol, and salmeterol in terms of adverse effects |
|
Definition
albuterol and salmeterol: tremor and tachycardia
terbutaline: none |
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Term
| Distinguish between dopamine and dobutamine in terms of therapeutic effects. |
|
Definition
DA: increase in renal/mesenteric blood flow and vomiting, dobutamine does not
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Term
| Distinguish between terbutaline, albuterol, and salmeterol in terms of onset of effect and duration. |
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Definition
terbutaline and albuterol: RAPID onset, SHORT duration
salmeterol: SLOW onset, LONG duration |
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Term
| Distinguish b/t amphetamine and cocaine in terms of their effects on NET. |
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Definition
| amphetamine: causes REVERSE TRANSPORT of NE back into cleft; cocaine doesn't |
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Term
| Distinguish between pseudoephedrine and ephedrine in terms of their potency as CNS stimulants. |
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Definition
| ephedrine: MORE powerful CNS stimulant than pseudoephedrine. |
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Term
| Name the only irreversible alpha-AR antagonist. |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of beta-AR agonist suits patients with bronchospasm, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, or Raynaud's? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What type of beta-AR agonist suits patients with bradycardia? |
|
Definition
| beta blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity |
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Term
| What type of beta-AR agonist suits patients with HT, occlusive peripheral disease, or CHF? |
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Definition
| beta blocker with alpha-1 antagonist activity and beta-2 agonist properties |
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Term
| Which type of ACh-R is located on postganglionic cholinergic nerve targets, autonomic nerve terminals, and CNS neurons? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of AChR is located at autonomic ganglia, adrenal medulla, NMJ, and CNS neurons? |
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Definition
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Term
| Distinguish between carbachol and bethanechol and succinylcholine in terms of the type of ACh-R that they activate. |
|
Definition
carbachol, bethanechol: mACh-R
succinylcholine: nACh-R |
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Term
| Distinguish between AChE and BuChE. |
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Definition
AChE: true cholinesterase; rapid
BuChE: pseudo cholinesterase; acts in plasma, neuroglia, GI tract; inactivates drugs |
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Term
| Describe the Enrophonium Test. |
|
Definition
myasthenic crisis: not enough AChEi administered o overcome weakness
cholinergic crisis: too much AChEi administered-->desensitization |
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Term
| List the symptoms of organophosphate poisoning. |
|
Definition
| Sweating; Lacrimation; Urination; Defeation; GI distress; Eye miosis (SLUDGE) |
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Term
| Describe the process by which artopine is eliminated from the body. |
|
Definition
| two phases: rapid phase--->slow phase; 50% unchanged in urine; lasts for days in the eyes. |
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|
Term
| What is "atropine fever" in kids? |
|
Definition
| loss of thermoregulation from atropine antagonistic effects |
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Term
| Describe the action of pralidoxime on organophosphate action. |
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Definition
| Pralidoxime reverses the binding between organophosphates and AChE at the NMJ prior to aging. |
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|
Term
| What is the normal range for IOP? |
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Definition
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Term
| Distinguish between open angle glaucoma and closed (narrow) angle glaucoma. |
|
Definition
Open: chronic, pharmacologically treatable
Closed: acute, rarer, surgery required (iridectomy) |
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Term
| Name the receptor responsible for an increase and decrease in ciliary epithelial aq. humor secretion. respectively. |
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Definition
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Term
| Distinguish between the effects of small doses and large doses of nondepolarizing NMJ blockers (relaxants). |
|
Definition
small: primarily competes with ACh so action can be reversed by AChEi (neostigmine)
large: actually enters channel pore; can't be reversed by AChEi's |
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|
Term
| In what order do non-depolarizing NMJ blockers paralyze muscles? |
|
Definition
| small--->large (recovery in reverse order) |
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Term
| Distinguish between Phase 1 and Phase 2 depolarizing blockage by succinylcholine. |
|
Definition
Phase 1: can be augmented by AChEi
Phase 1: prolonged exposure--->membrane desensitization |
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Term
| Distinguish between tubocurarine and succinylcholine in terms of effect at muscle end plate. |
|
Definition
tubo: non-depo
succ: polarizing |
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Term
| Distinguish between tubocurarine and succinylcholine in terms of initial effect on muscle. |
|
Definition
tubo: paralaysis
succ: fasciculations and then paralysis |
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Term
| Distinguish between tubocurarine and succinylcholine in terms of effect of AChEi. |
|
Definition
tubo: reversed
succ: no effect |
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Term
| Distinguish between tubocurarine and succinylcholine in terms of histamine release. |
|
Definition
tubo: prominent histo. release
succ: none |
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Term
| Distinguish between tubocurarine and succinylcholine in terms of general anesthetics. |
|
Definition
tubo: can allow lower dose
succ: malignant hyperthermia possible |
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Term
| Distinguish between tubocurarine and succinylcholine in terms of production of ganglionic blockade. |
|
Definition
| tubo: can do it in high doses |
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|
Term
| Distinguish between tubocurarine and succinylcholine in terms of production of malignant hyperthermia. |
|
Definition
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