Term
| Define Mind-Body Dualism (Plato) |
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Definition
| The view that the mind and the body are two independent entities, that are not identical. |
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Term
| Define Mind-Body Monism (Physicalism) |
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Definition
| The mind and the body are identical. |
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Term
| Define The Affinity Argument |
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Definition
1.) There are two kinds of existences, the visible and the invisible.
2.) The visible existences are constantly changing, unintelligible and confused, soluble, and mortal.
3.) The invisible existences always remain the same, are intelligible, indissoluble, and immortal.
4.) The soul of a philosopher is more like the invisible existence than the visible existence, and the body is more like the visible existence.
5.) So, the soul of a philosopher is likely to be immortal and indissoluble. |
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Term
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Definition
| Numbers exist in the abstract realm, rather than the physical realm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abstract ethical ideas exist in the realm of the abstract rather than the physical realm. |
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Term
List the Elements of:
Theory of Forms (Plato) |
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Definition
1.) Theory of Value and Mathematics
a. Forms are exemplars, archetypes, or models.
b. Forms are ideal standards that particulars approximate.
c. All objects strive to be like the equal but are deficient in this
d. The Forms of justice, bravery, temperance, goodness, and beauty provide absolute moral, political, and aesthetic standards.
e. Forms exist apart from their ideal standards if they fall short of them. |
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Term
| Plato's Theory of Forms is a reaction against.. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Define Semantic Theory / Theory of Forms |
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Definition
a. There are Universals and Particulars
b. Categories Exist
c. Forms exist, and other things share acquired their name by having a share in them.
d.Forms can be compared to other forms.
e.There are as many forms as there are different meanings. |
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Term
| Simmias's Reply to Socrates |
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Definition
1.) A lyre and its strings are physical and akin to what is mortal, whereas a harmony is invisible, without body, beautiful, and divine.
2.) If a lyre or its strings are destroyed then its harmony is destroyed.
3.) So it is compatible with the premises of Socrate's Affinity Argument that if a human body is destroyed then its soul is destroyed. |
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Term
| Define Socrate's Three Objections to Simmias's Reply |
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Definition
1.) The functionalist theory is incompatible with the results of the recollection argument, since a harmony of the body does not exist prior to birth.
2.) A harmony does not direct its component physical parts, but is directed by them. However, a soul can direct and "rule" the body, and is not merely directed by them.
3.)A harmony can be more or less "fully harmonized", but a soul cannot be more or less fully a soul-in other words, all souls are equally souls, but not all harmonies are equally harmonies. |
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Term
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Definition
1.) We are acquainted with Forms through thought or reason, not through the senses: "And we say that many beautiful things and the rest are visible but not intelligible, while the forms are intelligible but not visible.
2.) Although Forms are apprehended through thought, they are not themselves simply thoughts. Forms are not thoughts, but objects of thought. They exist apart from reason and soul just as they exist apart from particulars.
3.) Doctrine of Recollection |
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Term
| Define The Doctrine of Recollection |
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Definition
| A discarnate soul that is to occupy a human body when it is reborn apprehends the Forms directly, but the trauma of birth causes it to forget them. The particulars that the soul perceives through the body remind it of these Forms. Hence, for Plato all learning is just recollection. |
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Term
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Definition
1.) Being and Becoming the invisible always remains the same, whereas the visible never does.
2.) Appearance and Reality |
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Term
| Define Appearance and Reality |
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Definition
| As shadows are to the objects that cast the shadows and as images in mirrors are to the objects they reflect, so are particulars to Forms. The sense world is a world of appearances; only Forms are real. Plato thinks of space as a vast cosmic mirror that imperfectly reflects the realm of Forms. |
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Term
| Under Determination of Theory By Evidence |
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Definition
| There Will Never Be Enough Evidence to Prove That There Is Only One True Theory, and that there are an infinite number of theories that can prove the same things. |
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Term
| Simmias's Reply to Socrates is a ____ theory. |
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Definition
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Term
| Plato believes there are laws that connect ______ laws with _____ laws, to form _________ laws. |
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Definition
Psychological,
Physical,
Psychophysical |
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Term
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Definition
The Brain Process Theory
aka
Physicalism
aka
The Identity Theory |
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Term
| Define Brain Process Theory |
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Definition
Mental States or Processes Are Identical To Brain States or Processes.
Mental States and Brain States Are Different Ways Of Referring to The Same Thing. |
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Term
| Plato believes that the brain not only causes the _____ to do things but also that the mind causes the _____ to do things. |
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Definition
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Term
| Define Occam's Razor Argument |
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Definition
| The less unescessary assumptions the more likely your theory is correct |
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Term
| Something That Is Less Parsimonious.. |
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Definition
| Has More Unescessary Assumptions |
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Term
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Definition
1.) Occam's Razor is Right that the more parsimonious of two theories are equally consistent with all the facts is more likely to be true.
2.) Identity Theory is simpler and more parsimonious than dualism
3.) Identity Theory and Dualism are equally consistent with all facts
4.) So, Identity Theory is more likely to be true. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stingy About Saying Things Exist |
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Term
| Define Nomological Danglers |
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Definition
| An unnecessary additional component to an argument |
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Term
| Frank Jackson disagrees that... |
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Definition
| Identity Theory and Dualism Are Equally Consistent With The Facts |
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Term
| List The Elements of Frank Jackson's Argument |
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Definition
1.) If Physicalism is true, then all knowledge is knowledge of physical facts.
2.) Assume Mary has complete knowledge of physical facts while she cannot see color.
3.) When Mary gains the ability to see color she gains knowledge about color vision.
4.) So prior to gaining color vision, Mary clearly did not have all knowledge.
5.) So not all knowledge is physical knowledge. |
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Term
| Short Summary of Plato's Affinity Argument |
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Definition
| There is a similarity between the soul and invisible forms (ideas you are born with that truly exist in an abstract space that never change) and that the mind must be one of the invisible forms to be able to understand it. |
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Term
| Summarize Smart's Argument |
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Definition
| Plato adds an extra element to his story of what exists in the universe, and that even though Plato's story and Smart's story both can explain the same phenomenon, but Smart's is better because it doesn't require the extra element to tell the story. Identity Theory is better than Dualism, because it doesn't have to add the additional element to tell the story. |
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Term
| Summarize Jackson's Argument |
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Definition
Physicalism is not true because all knowledge is not all physical knowledge.
Someone can know all phyiscal knowledge and still learn something new from direct experience of what something is like. |
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Term
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Definition
| Plural of the singular term quale, which is related to the English word quality. |
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Term
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Definition
| a secondary phenomenon accompanying another and caused by it; specifically : a secondary mental phenomenon that is caused by and accompanies a physical phenomenon but has no causal influence itself. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The Value of the Computer and Computer Modeling in the study of the mind is simply a modeling tool. |
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Term
| Define Strong AI (Searle) |
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Definition
| The appropriately programmed computer really is a mind, in the sense that it can understand. |
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Term
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Definition
| the quality of mental states (e.g., thoughts, beliefs, desires, hopes) that consists in their being directed toward some object or state of affairs. |
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Term
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Definition
| No Strong AI Can Possess Intentionality |
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Term
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Definition
1.) Formal Symbolic Manipulation by themselves don't have any intentionality. They are meaningless.
2.)Mental Events like thoughts, especially thinking and understanding, require intentionality.
3.) Formal Symbolic Manipulation themselves are not mental events. |
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