Term
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Definition
Freedom and Necessity
argument from Illusion: A Defense of Sense Data |
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Term
| Ayer says that freedom of the will must have purchase on your soul b/c |
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Definition
| you make choices, and hold yourself (and others) accountable for decisions |
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Term
Ayer says that "if 'carly' is morally accountable for "x," then carly has ______
if carly has ________, then carly __________
if carly ___________ then carly _______________ |
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Definition
1. If Carly is morally accountable (for x), then Carly has free will (Qua x)
2. If Carly has free will (qua x), then Carly could have done otherwise (than x)
3. If Carly is morally accountable (for x), then Carly could have done otherwise (than x) |
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Term
| what statement does Ayer make about Causal laws? |
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Definition
Causal laws govern everything
Its logical to assume casual laws govern you
1. If Carly could not have done otherwise, then she is |
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Term
| Ayer challenges the assumed notion of |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the notion concerning free will that Ayer resists head-on |
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Definition
| "he's free if he could have done otherwise" |
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Term
| Ayer says that we use freedom too ordinarily, but freedom aught to be contrasted with: |
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Definition
| constraint, not causality |
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Term
| Ayer pushes the point that causal laws allow us to explain: |
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Definition
| why it is that you're making free choices |
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Term
| For Ayer, Freedom = freedom from |
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Definition
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Term
| For Ayer, causal laws explain |
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Definition
| why we act freely, why we make certain choices. freedom is only violated when someone is constrained. |
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Term
| Ayer combines freedom of will and determinism, making him a |
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Definition
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Term
| hard determinist says that freedom is |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Human freedom and the self |
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Term
| Chisholm defends the view concerning free will called |
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Definition
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Term
| libertarianism is a position in metaphysics that says |
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Definition
| the will is free and not _____??? |
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Term
| Transeunt causation refers to an |
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Definition
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Term
| immanent causation refers to an |
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Definition
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Term
| in the two types of causation, Chisholm states that it all comes down to |
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Definition
who?
who?
(the agent is responsible) |
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Term
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Definition
| your desires influence you. But in the moment of choices, when you choose, you choose all by yourself. |
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Term
| Chisholm says that We are held responsible for actions because |
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Definition
| WE do them. Our desires and habits do not force us to act one way or another, because we are agents. |
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Term
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Definition
| Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person |
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Term
| Strawson says a person is |
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Definition
| a thing that thinks and has a body |
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Term
| According to Frankfurt, Strawson is really very wrong in his conception of people. There are two types of desires: |
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Definition
first order desires
----This is the desire the perform or refrain from a certain action
second order desires
-----This is the desire to have first-order desires |
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Term
Frankfurt says desire is ______
and will is ______ |
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Definition
inclination
effective desire |
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Term
| According to Frankfurt, a person is one utilizes |
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Definition
| Second Order Volitions-this is what makes us human, and we posses “will and rationality” |
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Term
| Fankfurt says a wanton is |
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Definition
| a thing that does not have “second order violations" |
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Term
| Frankfurt says that second-order violations are |
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Definition
| desires to change who you are. |
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Term
| According to Frankfurt (not Chisholm) freedom of the will is |
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Definition
an accomplishment (Chisolm says its assumed for everyone)
and inherently desirable |
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Definition
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Term
| Strawson defines Optimists as |
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Definition
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Term
| compatibilists believe in |
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Definition
determinism is true.
freedom/moral responsibility is compatible |
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Term
| Strawson defines pessimists as |
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Definition
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Term
| incompatibilists believe that |
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Definition
determinism is false.
Freedom/moral responsibility is incompatible |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Socrates says we want to tie down true opinion by |
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Definition
| giving an account of the reason why. |
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Term
| Socrates says that knowledge is |
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Definition
opinion that is tied down (given an account for the reason why)
JTB |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Is Justified true belief knowledge? |
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Term
| Gettier said that iff means |
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Definition
| If and only if: necessary and sufficient conditions |
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Term
| Gettier said a necessary condition means |
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Definition
| you cant have what you want without it |
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Term
| Gettier said that a sufficient condition means |
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Definition
| you have what you want when you get it |
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Term
True of true =
True or False =
False or False = |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Reasoning About our Experience |
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Term
| J.J. Valdberg poses the question |
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Definition
| What is the object of my experience? |
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Term
| what are the two potential answers for the question "what is the object of my experience?" |
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Definition
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Term
| To look at a spoon and say that the object of experience is external is called |
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Definition
common sense or
direct realism
(an object of experience is something present) |
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Term
| Valdberg says that to be present, it is denoted that there is a |
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Definition
| direct or immediate availability |
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Term
| Valdberg says that the object of one's experience is |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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| Austin says the only stuff we see is |
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Definition
| the stuff in our mind (sense data |
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Term
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Definition
| The unexpected appearance of things actually there; perceptual. Things are actually there. You need an explanation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Disordered belief; not necessarily perceptual. Nothing is there. You need a cure. |
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Definition
| through experience, you actually become sensitive to the environment |
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Definition
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