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Philosophy of Religion Exam 1
Material covered before the first exam, including Anselm's first and second arguments and basic course terminology
30
Philosophy
Undergraduate 1
09/18/2010

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Cards

Term
Quote by Socrates
Definition
"The unexamined life is not worth living"
Term
Metaphysics
Definition
World View (Reality vs Appearance)
Term
Epistomolgy
Definition
True beliefs with justification
Term
Ethics
Definition
Right + Wrong
Term
Aesthetics
Definition
Values
Term
Philosophy of Religion
Definition
To think critically about religion or religious beliefs
Term
Critical Dialog
Definition
Demonstrating a willingness to have your beliefs tested
Term
Reasonable Belief
Definition
Belief based on reason
Term
Fideism
Definition

If it is of faith, then there can't be any reasons to support it.  Because, if you had any reasons, it wouldn't be faith.

Problem: How do you decide which faith to choose?

By blinding picking you imply that it doesn't matter what you choose

Choosing based on reason isn't fideist

Term
Neutralism
Definition

Before you can honestly evaluate something, you must rid yourself of all biased thinking

a. discard all prior experiences

b. must prove absolutely, without a doubt


Problem: you cannot completely forget past experiences just because you want to, and cannot prove anything for certain

Term
Rationally Convinced
Definition
To believe a belief is true based on the reasons in an argument
Term
Argument
Definition

A set of statements, one of with (the conclusion) is supported by the others (the premises)


Two Criteria for Evaluating an Argument

1. All premises must be true

2. The argument must be valid: the conclusion follows the premises

Term
Omnipotent
Definition
All powerful
Term
Omniscient 
Definition
All knowing
Term
Omnibenevolent
Definition
All good
Term
Apriori
Definition

True or false based on definition

You know based on prior knowledge

Term
Aposteriori
Definition

Cannot determine true or false simply by looking at meaning or words

You have to look into it, you don't know based on prior knowledge

Term
Anselm's 1st Version of the Ontological Argument
Definition

1. Definition of God: Greatest Conceivable Being

2. God exists in the understanding

3. A being that exists in the understanding only is not as great as a being that exists in reality

4. If God exists in the understanding only, then God isn't the GCB

5. Therefore, God must exist in reality

Term

Anselm's 1st Version of the Ontological Argument

Baker - Garret Rendition

Definition

1. Definition of God: GCB

2. God exists in the understanding only or reality and understanding

3. Assume God exists in the understanding only

4. God can be conceived to exist in reality

5. To exist in reality is greater than existence in understanding only

6. God can be conceived to be greater

7. "GCB" can be conceived to be greater

8. God does not exist in the understanding only

9. Therefore, God exists in reality

Term
The Greatest Conceivable Being
Definition
That than which nothing greater can be conceived
Term

Reductio Ad Absurdum

Reduction Strategy

Definition

1. Assume the truth of some belief (generally the one you're opposed to)

2. State arguments that will contradict your opponents belief

3. Contradiction

4. The contradiction shows that the opponent's argument cannot be true

Term
There cannot be a greatest conceivable island because...
Definition
  • It is dependent on being surrounded by water
  • It cannot have great characteristics (such as the human abilities to love and think)
  • There are different ideas of what that island would be
Term
Kant
Definition

Existence is not a great-making quality

Adding the quality of existence to your perfect car does not change the basic concept of the car, therefore the car is not any better than before you added the quality of existence

Term
Davis
Definition

Davis' argument against Kant is that his concept of $100 is that it has purchasing power in the real world

Term
Mere Existence or Contingent Existence
Definition

  1. Depends on something else
  2. You can conceive of it as not existing

Term
Necessary Existence
Definition

  1. Aseity: Self-Existing - Existence is not dependent on something else NOR is the existence CAUSED by anything else
  2. You cannot conceive of it not existing: God's nonexistence isn't logically conceivable

Term
Anselm's Second Argument
Definition

1.  If God exists, then his existence is necessary

2.  If God does not exist, then his existence is impossible

3.  Either God exists, or God does not exist

4.  God existence: GeN v GeI

5.  God's existence is possible, not impossible

6.  Therefore, God's existence is necessary

Term
Atheist Response to 2nd Argument #1
Definition

1.  If God does not exist, then God's existence is impossible

2.  God does not exist

3.  Therefore, God's existence is impossible

4.  God's existence is impossible, not possible

Term
Atheist Response to 2nd Argument #2
Definition

The atheist argues that he/she was tricked into saying God exist

1.  If God does not exist, then God's existence is impossible

2.  If God's existence is not impossible, then God does not, not exist

3.  If God's existence is possible, then god exists

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