Term
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Definition
A moral position on some issue which, in contrast to moderate and liberal
positions, is restrictive in what it holds to be morally permissible behavior with regard to the issue. |
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Term
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Definition
A moral position on some issue which, in contrast to conservative and moderate
positions, is not as restrictive in what it holds to be morally permissible behavior with regard to the issue. |
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Term
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Definition
A moral position on some issue which is less restrictive than a conservative
position and more restrictive than a liberal position. |
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Term
| Liberty-Limiting Principles |
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Definition
| Principles that purport to set forth conditions under which a government may be morally justified in passing laws that limit the liberty of its citizens. |
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Term
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Definition
A liberty-limiting principle according to which a government may justifiably pass laws to limit the liberty
of its citizens in order to prohibit individuals from causing harm to other individuals or to society. |
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Term
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Definition
A liberty-limiting principle according to which a government may justifiably pass laws to limit the liberty
of its citizens in order to prohibit individuals from offending others, where offensive behavior includes causing others shame, embarrassment, or discomfort. |
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Term
| Legal paternalism principle |
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Definition
A liberty-limiting principle according to which a government may justifiably pass laws to
limit the liberty of its citizens in order to prohibit individuals from causing harm to themselves. |
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Term
| Legal Moralism principle: |
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Definition
A liberty-limiting principle according to which a government may justifiably pass laws to limit
the liberty of its citizens in order to protect common moral standards, independently of whether the activities in question are
harmful to others or to oneself. |
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Term
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Definition
The terms “Liberalism” and “Conservativism” often refer to views on the role of government in the
lives of its citizens. |
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Term
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Definition
A political ideology that puts a strong emphasis on liberty and equality of individuals, maintaining in particular
that proper respect for the liberty and equality of individuals requires that governments remain as neutral as possible over
conceptions of the good life. |
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Term
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Definition
A political ideology that maintains that it is proper for a government to advocate and sometimes enforce a
particular conception of the good life. |
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Term
| What is the theoretical aim of a moral theory? |
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Definition
To discover those underlying features of actions, persons, and other
items of moral evaluation that make them right or wrong, good or bad, and thus explain why such
items have the moral properties they have. |
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Term
| What is the practical aim of a moral theory? |
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Definition
To offer practical guidance for how we might arrive at correct or
justified moral verdicts about matters of moral concern. |
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Term
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Definition
An attempt to provide well-argued-for answers to general moral questions about the nature
of right action and value. |
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Term
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Definition
A general statement that purports to set forth conditions under which an action or other
item of evaluation is right or wrong, good or bad, virtuous or vicious. |
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Term
| Principle of right conduct |
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Definition
A general moral statement that purports to set forth conditions under which
an action or practice is morally right and, by implication, when an actions is morally wrong. |
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Term
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Definition
That part of a moral theory that is addressed to the question: what makes an
action right or wrong? |
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Term
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Definition
A general statement that purports to set forth conditions under which some item of
moral evaluation (a person, experience, or state of affairs) is intrinsically good and, by implication,
when any such item is intrinsically bad. |
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Term
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Definition
To say that something has intrinsic positive value—that it is intrinsically good—is to say
that its goodness is grounded in features that are inherent in that thing. |
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Term
| Extrinsic value (instrumental value) |
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Definition
Something has extrinsic value when its value (good or bad)
depends on how it is related to something having intrinsic value. |
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Term
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Definition
That part of a moral theory that is addressed to the question: what makes something
intrinsically good or intrinsically bad? |
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Term
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Definition
An acquired skill at discerning what matters the most morally speaking and coming to
an all-things-considered moral verdict, where this skill cannot be entirely captured by a set of rules. |
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Term
| Principle of explanatory power |
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Definition
A principle for evaluating how well a moral theory does at satisfying
the theoretical aim of such theories. |
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Term
| Principle of Practical guidance |
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Definition
A principle for evaluating how well a moral theory does at satisfying
the practical aim of such theories. |
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Term
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Definition
Actions that harm the value of procreation because they are of a kind contrary to
what is necessary for the proper upbringing of children. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual intercourse between an unmarried man and an unmarried woman |
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Term
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Definition
Sexual intercourse between a man and a woman, at least one of whom is
married to another party |
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Term
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Definition
Actions that harm the value of procreation because they are of a kind not open
to the possibility of procreation. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Unconditional demands on rational agents. The supreme principle of morality. Ex: Don’t make false promises. |
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Term
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Definition
| Something possessing unconditional, intrinsic value. |
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Term
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Definition
| Intrinsic value on rational nature. |
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Term
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Definition
| The capacity of a rational individual to make an informed, un-coerced decision for himself. (Self Government) |
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Term
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Definition
| The sort of autonomy that is part of our natures as rational creatures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Kant’s most popular formulation of the categorical imperative. (Treating people as mere means) |
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Term
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Definition
| Coercion involving the actual use of physical force. |
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Term
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Definition
| Coercion involving the threat of harm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Treating a person as a thing. |
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Term
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Definition
“If you do not do what I am proposing you do, I will bring about an
undesirable consequence for you.” |
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Term
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Definition
"If you do what I am proposing you do, I will bring about a
desirable consequence for you." |
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Term
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Definition
Taking advantage of a situation that
severely constrains the voluntary character of consent. |
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Term
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Definition
| Deception by the person WANTING the objective. Ex: Trip to Europe. |
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Term
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Definition
| Deception by the person NEEDING the objective. Ex: Rent, Water. |
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Term
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Definition
| Kantian moral theory derives from the writings of the eighteenth-century German philosopher. (1724-1804) |
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Term
| Kants Means Argument Highlights |
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Definition
If something has unconditional value, then there is an
unconditional requirement to respect it. Thus, there is a basic unconditional requirement to
respect the autonomy of rational agents (or persons). |
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Term
| Unconditional demands on rational agents. |
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Definition
Requirements that apply to us regardless of what we
might happen to want or desire or how such actions bear on the production of our own happiness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Requirements based on morality. Ex: the duty not to make false promises |
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Term
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Definition
Imperatives that are binding only on the condition (hypothesis) that one has a desire to
achieve some goal. Ex: if you intend to earn a degree in math and taking calculus is necessary for earning the
degree, the you must take calculus. |
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