Term
| Category Imperative (Kant) |
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Definition
-A command that represents an action as good in itself
-Act in such a way that you could want the maxim (the motivating principle) of your action to become a universal law
-Ends to our means |
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Term
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Definition
-Only actions performed out of duty have moral worth
-Is something that we freely impose on ourselves. The good will binds itself to the universal moral law
-Acting from duty involves embracing a principle of action (maxim) regardless of effects/consequences |
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Term
| Formula of Universal Law (Kant) |
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Definition
"Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law"
-Moral laws must be universally valid |
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Term
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Definition
-Rule
-Motivating principle
-A subject principle for action; a principle that you give to yourself that says what are you going to do and why |
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Term
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Definition
-Commands that prescribe how one should act
-Two kinds |
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Term
| Hypothetical Imperative (Kant) |
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Definition
-Conditional
-It commands the individual to act in such a way, if they have such and such end/aim/goal
-Obey for consequences |
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Term
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Definition
-Candidate for the unconditional good
-Talents of the mind: intelligence, wit, judgment
-Qualities: courage, resoluteness, constancy of purpose |
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Term
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Definition
-Power, riches, honor, health, general well-being
-Happiness |
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Term
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Definition
-The study of pure concepts as they relate to moral or physical experiences
-The goal of Metaphysics is to develop a clearer understanding of moral principles |
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Term
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Definition
-Universal, necessary
-Unyielding |
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Term
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Definition
| -Emphasizes consequences, not intentions, in determining the right action |
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Term
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Definition
-Useful
-Three ways of understanding "Utility": Pleasure, welfare interests, preferences |
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Term
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Definition
-Change with different qualities when melt
-Whatever I grasp distinctly of any body I grasp with my mind
-My mind is better known to me than my body |
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Term
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Definition
-To explain how the existence of evil and God's existence are compatible
-Good and Evil is OK (reason why God does this) |
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Term
| Aquinas 5 Ways of God's Existence |
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Definition
1. 1st Mover -> Dominos
2. Efficient cause -> every cause has an effect
3. Absolute/necessary
4. Perfect being
5. Design everything |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of how one ought to live |
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Term
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Definition
-Meta-ethics
-Normative ethics
-Applied ethics |
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Term
| Formula of the End in Itself (Kant) |
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Definition
-"Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your
own person or in that of another, always as an end and never as a means only" |
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Term
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Definition
-Can you will your maxim at the same time as its universalization without contradiction? (Formula of Universal Law)
-Two types: Conceivability and Will |
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Term
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Definition
-Every idea we have is either a copy of an
impression or a concatenation or manipulation of one or more such copies; there is nothing in intellect (ideas) that isn’t first in senses
(impressions)
-Every idea must be copied from a prior impression. That is, we have no ideas without first having impressions |
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Term
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Definition
-The objects of human inquiry
-Two ways that people can ever form beliefs about anything: Relations of ideas (reason) and Matter of Fact (experience) |
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Term
| Omnipotent (Conception of God) |
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Definition
-God all powerful
-Can do anything |
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Term
| Omniscient (Conception of God) |
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Definition
-God (all-knowing)
-There's no hiding from God; God sees everything and knows everything |
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Term
| Ontological Proof (St Anslem) |
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Definition
-Existence is a perfection
-God has all perfection, therefor God exists
-Logical error of using the word exist |
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Term
| Virtue Ethics (Aristotle) |
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Definition
-An alternative starting point
-Begin by asking what makes for a desirable human life and examines the condition and character traits that are necessary for human flourishing |
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Term
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Definition
-A problem about variety types of "bad" things
-Two types: Moral and Action |
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