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• God is omnipotent
“Omnipotent”: can do anything that is possible
• God is wholly good
• Evil exists |
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| explanation of why a good God allows evil |
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the entire state of the world at an given time fixes, determines, necessitates, all the subsequent states
if I do x now, z will result; if I would do y now, w would result. But the past determines that I will do x now |
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some events are predestined: no matter what happens now, the outcome is the same
whether I do x or y now, z will result |
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| because determinism is true, our actions, choices, will are never free |
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| determinism is compatible with freedom/moral responsibility |
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| determinism is incompatible with freedom/moral responsibility |
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| whether determinism is true or not, we are never free/responsible |
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| we are capable of making free and responsible choices, which are not determined by the prior state of the world |
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| Hard Determinism (Incompatibilism) |
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| determinism is true, and this implies that we are never free/responsible |
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| Event-causal libertarianism |
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| only events are causes, but some choices are free |
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| Agent-causal libertarianism |
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| non only events are causes; agents are also sometimes causes. An agent-caused choice is free |
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(Excellence)
Having certain feelings or performing certain actions |
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| E.g., money, dental visit |
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| Ends in and of themselves |
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one that is always end in itself, never instrumental
Only one complete good:
Happiness (only thing that is always intrinsically and never instrumentally) |
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(vegetative soul): share with plants
Goal is growth, reproduction |
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(animal soul): shared with animals
Goal is movement, activity |
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(rational soul): unique to humans
Goal is activity in accordance with reason |
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| to live a life in accordance with reason |
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End of all activity is happiness
Not mere pleasure, but “living well and doing well” |
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| having to do with goals or ends or functions or purpose |
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| we should seek as much pleasure as possible |
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| we should avoid pleasure as much as possible |
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| living well and doing well |
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Virtue is mean between two vices; one of excess, one of deficiency
Appropriate intermediate revealed by reason, good judgment |
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selfish, clever primates
(Selfish, but intelligent)
More or less equal to each other
Anyone can pose a danger to anyone else |
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| life-affirming, self-actualizing, individualistic |
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| peace-seeking, self-sacrificing, communitarian |
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| View that membership in one’s own species by itself gives one certain rights, moral status |
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| a process of causal influence, not mere triggering, but ongoing guidance. |
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| (The opposite of)... a process of causal influence, not mere triggering, but ongoing guidance. |
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(Nonhuman) animals are morally equal to humans
in the sense that they deserve equal consideration……
(They have equal rights) |
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Animal Liberation (Human Liberation & Animal Liberation)
Converted a lot of people to vegetarianism
Concerned with the way we treat animals – think its unethical |
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Said God is gay
The Superman (Ubermensch)
One who exerts “will to power”
Courageous, proud, vibrant achiever |
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Definition
English, atheist philosopher; most influential on the Social Contract Theory
The Leviathan (1651) |
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| thinks that there is an appropriate time and amount of pride to have, and the same with anger: would be inappropriate to have a large amount of pride for a small achievement |
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Chisholm is all wrong
Whole notion of self-causation does not clarify anything |
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Human Freedom and the Self
What’s crucial is the freedom of the will.
The fact that I could have done otherwise, had I willed otherwise, is irrelevant. |
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| We have influence on our own destiny, destiny of others on the planet, and it’s good for us that it’s like that |
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