1. Dukkha: truth of suffering
2. Samudaya: cause of suffering
3. Nirhodha: end of suffering
4. Magga: path that frees us from suffering

1. Right View
2. Right Intention
3. Right Speech
4. Right Action
5. Right Livelihood
6. Right Effort
7. Right Mindfulness
8. Right Concentration

Wisdom

• Understanding things as they really are
• all beings are subject to sufering and ends w complete understanding of nature of all things
• yields right thoughts and right actions

Wisdom

• mental energy that controls our actions
• commitment to ethical and mental self improvement
• not to think or act cruelly, etc, develop compassion

Ethical conduct

• guideline to moral discipline
• abstain from false speech
• abstain from slander 
• abstain from harsh words that offend/hurt others
• abstain from idle chatter that lacks depth/purpose
• speak when necessary, meaningful, etc

Ethical 

• abstain from taking life, doing harm intentionally/delinquently
• abstain from robbery
• abstain from sexual misconduct

Ethical

• earn living in riteous way
• dont deal living things/animals, guns, anything that will hurt others, cause violence

Mental Development

• prevent arising of wholeseome states

Mental Development

• see things as they are with clear consciousness
• contemplation of the body
• contemplation of feeling
• contemplation of state of mind
• contemplation of the phenomena
• anchored in clear perception

Mental Development

• wholesome concentration
• meditation

• not living for yourself
• rising above ignorance
• achieving nirvana
• "saint"

• Ghandi's view of religion
• All religions have basic goal to cultivate love, compassion, harmony between religions, overcoming suffering
• Like medicine, different religions work for different people. 

African Religion

• people cause evil, not god
• stealing sheep: not influencing just one person, youre putting the community at risk of punishment
• intention behind action turns evil
• god at top of heirarchy

Chain of Being 

(Importance)

Hierarchy 

highest disrespect is doing something wrong to someone lower than you.--you become lower than them. 

Dont use people as means, use as end

Intention matters more than outcome

Muhammad's revelations thru Allah via Angel Gabriel 

Chapters of the Koran

Organized by length, not chronological order

1. Testimony of Faith:declare Allah as God, Muhammad as messenger
2. Prayer five times daily 
3. Zakat: giving support to needy
4. Celebrate Ramadan: fasting
5. Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in lifetime if able

Muhammad's Wives

Practical Morality of Islam

• Stories about prophet, narrations of his life
• Used as statements that are second to Koran 
• Life of Muhammad

• Believe in faithful day: judgement day
• Believe in eternal life
• Believe in Allah's ability to see innermost thoughts
• Believe in ressurrection of dead, and punishment.

• god sees heart and true intetions

Both aren't good nor evil, but are experienced as evil when used maliciously

Natural evil: acts of which craft responsible for accidents, disasters, etc. 

Descented against elaborate class structure/hindu practice to intensify his own search for nirvana. 

Consequence of action is more important in old W. Philosophy

• makes own moral code
• take command while slaves follow the herd

• basing moreals off of universal concepts: christianity/democracy

• we're still following eachother
• controlled and influenced by slaves
• no strict moral code
• have to go past good/evil concepts--herd mentality is dangerous

• communication with one another
• open minded leaders
• have to be deep into practice

• should deepen before getting a new one

• universal good
• do it because you want to help the world
• not fueled by passion or self interest
• categorical imperitive