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| Greek philein which means to love and sophia which means knowledge or wisdom. Greeks thought any person who sought knowledge in any form was a philosopher. |
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| When you support a position by giving a reason for accepting it. |
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| The study of correct inferrence, is concerned with whether and to what extent a reason truly does support a conclusion. |
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| Challenges and criticisms of your argument |
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| Practiced by socrates, involves proposing a definition, rebutting it by counterexample, modifying it in the light of the counter example, rebutting the modification, and so forth. |
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| To imagine a situation in order to extract a lesson about something. |
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| demonstrating that the contradictory of the thesis is or leads to absurdity |
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| Switching the burden of proof |
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| Logically, you can't prove your position by asking your opponent to disprove it. |
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Assuming the vary thing you are trying to prove.
ex. Trying to prove that someone committed a crime because "he was the one who did it" |
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| Transfering the qualities of a spokesperson to his or her insight, arguments, beliefs, or position. |
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| When you thing you have refuted an view by distorting, misrepresenting, or exaggerated it. |
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| Offering two choices when in fact mor options exist. |
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| Establishing a point by arousing pity, anjger, fear, and so on. |
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| When someone brings an irrelevancy into a conversation. |
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| Questions related to being or existance; branch of philosophy concerned with these questions. |
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| Questions related to knowledge; is the theory of knowledge, is the branch of philosophy with these questions. |
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| Moral Philosophy (ethics) |
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| the philosophical study of moral judgments |
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| The philosophical study of society and its institutions |
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| focuses on the state and seeks to determine its justification and ethically proper orginization |
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| the philosophical study of art |
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| pre-socratic philosophers |
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| a loose chronoligical term applied to greek philosophers who lived before socrates. |
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| maintained that all things are composed of infinately divisible particles; the universe was caused by mind acting on matter |
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| held that the original source of all things is held by a boundless, indeterminate element. |
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| said that the underlying principle of all things is air. |
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| the atomists, Leucippus, and Democritus |
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| all things ar compossed of imperceptible, indevisible, eternal, and uncreated atoms. motion needs no explanation. |
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| held that apparent changes in things are infact changes in the positions of basic particles, of which there are four types: earth, air, fire, and water. Two forces cause these basic changes: love and strife. |
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| held that the only reality is ceasless change and that the underlting substance of the univerce is fire. |
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| said that the only reality is permanent, unchanging, indivisible, and undifferenciated being and that change and motion are illusions of the senses. |
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| maintained that enumerability constitutes the true nature of things. |
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| Held that water is the basic stuff of which all else is composed. |
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| devised clever paradoxes seeming to show that motion is impossible. |
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| change as determined by a cosmic order |
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| "can we step in the same river twice" |
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| problem of personal identity |
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| You are not quite the same person you were yesterday. |
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| priori principles/principles of reason |
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| principles known prior to experience |
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| anaxagoras source of all motion |
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| the view that future states and events are completely determined by preceeding states and events. |
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| determinism seems to contradict the belief of free will |
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| said to have pronounced socrates as the wisest of people |
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| is what platos metaphysics is known as |
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| according to platos theory of forms what is truely real is not the object we encounter in sensory experience but, rather, forrms and these can only be grasped intillectually. |
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| is a doubter, a person that doubts that knowledge is possible |
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| was most famous for his theory of forms and his two-realm doctrine: two seperate worlds with two types of kowledge |
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| was platos mentor and philosophies most illustreous practicioner of the socratic/dialectic method. |
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| ancient greek teachers of rhetoric. Through them and socrates, moral philosophy began. |
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| Plato's most distinguished pupil |
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| What purpose does it serve? |
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| existence and essence/substance |
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| aristotle was the first to discuss being in terms of existance and essence/substance. |
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| intelligent or spiritual soul |
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| what holds platos forms together |
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| aristotle thought the forms were universals |
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| genus/specific difference |
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| aristotle defined things by determining how things are similar to other things. |
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| instucted students in plato, aristotle, plotinus, and ptolemy and improved the mathmatical rigor of ptolemy's astronomical theories, stressing the importance of philosophy and mathmatics to life. |
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| held that reality emanates from the one. |
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| held that every theory can be opposed be an eqally valid contradictory theory; we must susend judgment on all issues. |
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| was the most famous total skeptic. He held the postion "i do not know whether knowledge is possible." |
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| provided platonic philosophical justification for the christian belief in a non material god, rejected skepticism, and diagnosed the cause of error in sense preception. |
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| blended christianity with the philosophy of aristotle, delineating the boundry between philosophy and theology. |
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