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Definition
| Attacking the person of a source rather than their qualifications or reliability, or the actual argument they make. |
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Definition
| Arguing that a claim is true just because it has not been shown to be false |
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Term
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Definition
-Appeal To Pity-
-Appealing to pity as an argument for special treatment. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Appealing to the emotions of a crowd; also appealing to a person to go along with the crowd. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Posing a question in such a way that people CANNOT agree or disagree with you without committing themselves to some other claim you wish to promote. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sliding from one meaning of a term to another in the middle of an argument. |
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Term
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Definition
| Generic term for any questionable conclusion about cause and effect. |
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Term
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Definition
reducing the options you consider to just two.
-Overlooks Alternatives! |
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Term
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Definition
Using language that primarily plays on the emotions.
-Manipulation |
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Term
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Definition
-drawing a conclusion that "does not follow"
-unrelated to evidence |
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Term
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Definition
-generalizing from too few examples
*You can't generalize from a large sample either, unless it is demonstratively representative. |
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Term
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Definition
| -forgetting that things may happen for a variety of reasons, not just one. |
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Term
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Definition
| -defining a term in a way that may seem to be straight forward, but is in fact loaded. |
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Term
Petitio Principii
Begging the Question
Circular Argument |
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Definition
-Using your conclusion as a premise.
*The Bible is true because God wrote it.*
*The Bible says that God exists*
*Therefore, God exists*
-This Doesn't Make Sense! |
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Term
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Definition
| Using loaded language to disparage an argument before even mentioning it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Assuming causation too readily on the basis of mere succession in time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Introducing an irrelevant or secondary subject and thereby diverting attention from the main subject. |
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Term
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Definition
| A caricature of an opposing view, exaggerated from what anyone is likely to hold, so that it is easy to refute. |
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Term
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Definition
If P then Q.
Q
Therefore, P.
-Overlooks alternatives
-A true conclusion is not guaranteed even if the premises are true |
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Term
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Definition
If P then Q
Not P.
Therefore not Q
-This argument overlooks alternatives. |
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