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Definition
(an unhelpful way of describing philosophy)
The study of the origin of words, unclear and unreliable. |
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Term
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Definition
(An unhelpful way to define Philosophy)
Not reliable, philosophy is more than how the dictionary describes it. |
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| Descartes Discourse on the Method, What was his motivating problems? |
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| diversity of opinions and disputes lead to doubt about what to believe. |
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| Descartes Response to his problem with doubts |
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| Involves moving to the meta, and creating a foundation in search of a method to find truth. |
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| Descartes 3 Enlightenment values are: |
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1. Universality, what is truthfully will be equally shared by all.
2. Individuality of judgement: Everyone must judge truth for themselves
3. Foundational role of method: We need a method to guide us to knowledge |
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| Locke's issues with culture |
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| We need to understand how we seek truth, in order to truly find truth |
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| Locke's critique of the seek for knowledge is |
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| Origin of knowledge, The difference between opinion or knowledge and the limit to our knowledge. |
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| What is the positive result of recognizing Locke's limits to our knowledge. |
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| Helps find out what cannot be known, in order to sate skepticism. |
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| The philosophical study of knowledge, studying the difference between knowledge, opinion, and error. |
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| How we can differentiate between opinion and truth, it is the grounds for knowledge and the purpose of epistemology. |
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| When the truth of a claim can vary depending on who says it, (i.e. Davids fav flavour of icecream is vanilla) |
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| When something is true regardless of who said it. |
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| What is Methodological Skepticism? What does it do? |
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| When we doubt our beliefs in order to clarify what we know, it lets us attempt to find beliefs that cannot be doubted... making a foundation. |
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| Descartes idea that we are all just a dream and reality doesn't exist. |
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| Evil Genius Skepticism is? |
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| Descarts concept that we are brains in a jar, controlled by a greater power. Meaning every truth we know is made indistinguishable from falsity. |
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| What is indubitable? what an be doubted? |
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| Appearences, (big grey box) our judgements can be doubted (that is a trashcan...or julia?) |
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| What is the cogito argument? |
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Definition
| Descartes will doubt everything. the only thing he cannot doubt is the fact that he is doubting. |
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| What did the Cogito Argument result in? |
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| We dont need to be skeptics as we have a foundation for knowledge. We think, therefore we are. |
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Definition
| What bodies are, is an idea rather than an impression, as when wax melts, its still wax just in a different form. |
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| What is reflective equilibrium? |
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Definition
| When we doubt all of our beliefs in order to find coherence |
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| What are the criteria for coherence? |
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| Consistency, and a reasonable connection between beliefs |
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| What are the two types of Reflective Equilibrium? |
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| Narrow, when we assume a doundation, and wide when we question all beliefs. |
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| What challenges Reflective Equilibrium |
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| Why should ur beliefs have evidential value? and is coherence grounds for justification. |
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| When we have foundational beliefs that are unrevisible and indubtable |
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| When all beliefs are open to doubt. |
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| What are Hume's beliefs in epistemology? |
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Definition
| Ideas and impressions are made different by how we perceive them. |
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| What is the copy principle? |
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Definition
| All ideas are copies of impressions. |
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| What are the principles of association? |
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Definition
Resemblance: when two ideas resemble eachother
Contiguity: When things have spacial/time relations
Cause and effect |
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Term
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Definition
| Something that cannot be mistaken, it is not something that can be found by other knowledge, as it is a foundation for knowledge. |
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| What is the myth of the given? |
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Definition
| There is no such knowledge that is given |
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| What the is theory ladenness of observation |
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Definition
| What we observe we only percieve because of prior beliefs, observation is not something that is given, and foundationalism must be mistaken about hat justifies knowledge. |
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| What is the myth of our Ryleian ancestors. |
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Definition
| Wilfred Sellar's attempt to attempt to describe "inner episodes" (experiences) without there being anything given. |
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| Describe the myth of our Ryleian ancestors? |
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| We started with no thought or understanding, our ancestors began noticing each other and tried communicating through overt thought, Bruh named jones gets it figured out and teaches erryone |
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| Looking at formal concepts of thought, apart from anything particular. (part of metaphilosophy) |
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| What is the Philosophy of language? |
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| the philosophical study of how we form ideas and philosophical claims. |
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Term
| What is the Elimination approach to philosophy? |
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Definition
| When we differentiate between real problems and psuedo problems (when an issue attacks or confuses instead of being a legitimate issue), and eliminate those psuedo problems in an aim to resolve confusion. |
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| How does Carnap view Elimination? |
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Definition
| We must refine our use of language to add clarity to our claims and follow forms of logic. |
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| what comes of Carnaps approach to elimination? |
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| Things such as science and math are easily defined and distinguished, it also allows us to riip apart psudo arguments with logic. |
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| What are the rules of a a statement? |
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Definition
| Meaning of terms, and the grammer of the sentence. |
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| How do the rules of vocabulary help form sentences? |
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Definition
| It allows us to structure sentences and avoid confusions when words have different meanings. |
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| What are Carnaps Critiques on statements and metaphysics |
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Definition
| They are meaningless, and thus are psuedo problems. |
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| What is austins definition of ordinary language philosophy? |
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Definition
| Studying when what words should be used and their meanings. |
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| What are the three considerations for ordinary Language Philosophy |
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Definition
Words are tools to be used properly
Words are not things that exist
Ordinary language is reliable as it has been refined. |
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| What are the two challenges facing Ordinary Language Philosophy? |
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Definition
Language useage varies, how ca we provide a foundation for its correct use
Why should language be reliable? |
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| What are The limits of Ordinary Language Philosophy |
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Definition
| Language is not suited to discuss subjects that have only recently became iportant as it has been refined over such a long period of time. |
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| What is the dif between carnap and austins approach to language |
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Definition
Carnap is trying to construct language use with rules and logic
Austin is just informing us how language is refined and good for everyday use but is ill suited for recent problems. |
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